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In Greek mythology, Achilles (; , ''Akhilleus'', ) was a Greek hero of the Trojan War and the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's ''Iliad''. His mother was the nymph Thetis, and his father, Peleus, was the king of the Myrmidons. Achilles’ most notable feat during the Trojan War was the slaying of the Trojan hero Hector outside the gates of Troy. Although the death of Achilles is not presented in the ''Iliad'', other sources concur that he was killed near the end of the Trojan War by Paris, who shot him in the heel with an arrow. Later legends (beginning with a poem by Statius in the 1st century AD) state that Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body except for his heel. Because of his death from a small wound in the heel, the term ''Achilles' heel'' has come to mean a person's point of weakness. == Etymology == Achilles' name can be analyzed as a combination of (''akhos'') "grief" and (''laos'') "a people, tribe, nation." In other words, Achilles is an embodiment of the grief of the people, grief being a theme raised numerous times in the ''Iliad'' (frequently by Achilles). Achilles' role as the hero of grief forms an ironic juxtaposition with the conventional view of Achilles as the hero of κλέος ''kleos'' ("glory", usually glory in war). ''Laos'' has been construed by Gregory Nagy, following Leonard Palmer, to mean "a corps of soldiers", a muster. With this derivation, the name would have a double meaning in the poem: when the hero is functioning rightly, his men bring grief to the enemy, but when wrongly, his men get the grief of war. The poem is in part about the misdirection of anger on the part of leadership. R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin of the name.〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, pp. 183–4.〕 The name Achilleus was a common and attested name among the Greeks soon after the 7th century BC.〔(Epigraphical database ) gives 476 matches for Ἀχιλ-.The earliest ones: (Corinth 7th c. BC ),(Delphi 530 BC ), Attica and Elis 5th c. BC.〕 It was also turned into the female form Ἀχιλλεία (''Achilleía'') attested in Attica in the 4th century BC (IG II² 1617) and, in the form ''Achillia'', on a stele in Halicarnassus as the name of a female gladiator fighting an "Amazon". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Achilles」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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