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Akhlaq ((アラビア語:أخلاق)) is an Arabic term referring to the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and ''falsafah'' (philosophy). It is most commonly translated in English dictionaries as; disposition, nature, temper, ethics, morals or manners (of a person).〔J. Cowan p. 299〕 ==Overview== ''Akhlaq'' is the plural of the word ''khulq'' which means disposition. "Disposition" is a faculty (''malakah'')〔J. Cowen p.1082 - malaka (pl. -at) trait of character, faculty, talent〕 of the soul (''nafs'') which unconsciously inspires activities. ''Malakah ''comes into existence through repetitive practice and is not easily destroyed. A particular ''malakah'' may appear because of one of the following reasons: #''Fitrah'' (natural state): The original state in which humans are created by Allah Muslims believe Allah determined certain aspects of their lives for which they are not accountable (e.g., their place of birth and physical appearance)〔J. Esposito p. 89〕 #'āda (Habit): Formed by continual repetition of certain acts and creates a certain disposition. #Practice and conscious effort: Which if persistent will eventually produce a disposition. Although ''fitra'' produces certain dispositions, man can surpass nature through free will and effort. While dispositions caused by mental faculties (i.e., intelligence, memory, mental agility etc.) are not alterable, all others can change. When we speak of man's capacity to change his dispositions, we do not mean he should destroy instincts of reproduction or self-preservation. Instead, he should avoid extremes so they perform their functions properly. Abu Hurairah narrated that Prophet Muhammad has said: "Indeed I have been sent to complete the best of character (''akhlaq'')."〔''Sahih Muslim'', 6017〕 Anas, the brother of Abu Dharr is narrated as saying: "I saw him (the Prophet), he would enjoin the people to good character and conduct." The Prophet also said, "The most complete of believers in ''iman'' (faith) are those who are best in character."〔''Sahih al-Tirmidhi'', 2003〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Akhlaq」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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