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Izabella Akhatovna "Bella" Akhmadulina (; 10 April 1937 – 29 November 2010) was a Soviet and Russian poet, short story writer, and translator, known for her apolitical writing stance.〔 She was part of the Russian New Wave literary movement.〔 She was cited by Joseph Brodsky as the best living poet in the Russian language.〔(Bella Akhmadulina Criticism )〕〔(Sonia Ketchian: The Poetic Craft of Bella Akhmadulina )〕 Despite the aforementioned apolitical stance of her writing, Akhmadulina was often critical of authorities in the Soviet Union, and spoke out in favour of others, including Nobel laureates Boris Pasternak, Andrei Sakharov, and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.〔 She was known to international audiences via her travels abroad during the Khrushchev Thaw, during which she made appearances in sold-out stadiums.〔 Upon her death in 2010 at the age of 73, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev hailed her poetry as a "classic of Russian literature."〔 ''The New York Times'' said Akhmadulina was "always recognized as one of the Soviet Union's literary treasures and a classic poet in the long line extending from Lermontov and Pushkin."〔 Sonia I. Ketchian, writing in ''The Poetic Craft of Bella Akhmadulina'', called her "one of the great poets of the 20th century. There's Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, and Pasternak – and she's the fifth". ==Early life, education and works== Bella Akhmadulina was born in Moscow on 10 April 1937, the only child of a Tatar father and a Russian-Italian mother.〔〔 They underwent evacuation to Kazan when World War II broke out.〔 Akhmadulina's literary career began when she was a school-girl working as a journalist at the Moscow newspaper, ''Metrostroevets'', and improving her poetic skills at a circle organized by the poet Yevgeny Vinokurov. Her first poems appeared in the magazine ''October'' after being approved by established Soviet poets. These first poems were published in 1955.〔 Émigré critic Marc Slonim described her prospects as follows in 1964 (''Soviet Russian Literature''): "Her voice has such a purity of tone, such richness of timbre, such individuality of diction, that if her growth continues she will be able some day to succeed Akhmatova" as "the greatest living woman poet in Russia".〔 After finishing school, Akhmadulina entered the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute from which she graduated in 1960. While studying at the institute, she published her poems and articles in different newspapers, both official and handwritten. She was the subject of criticism in ''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' in 1957.〔 She was expelled in 1959 (but allowed re-entry as time progressed) as a result of her opposition to the persecution of Boris Pasternak. In 1962 the first collection of her poems, titled ''Struna'' (''The String''), was published〔〔 and was a resounding success. In spite of being expunged, many of her collections of verses were published later: ''Music lessons'' (1970),〔 ''Poems'' (1975), ''Candle'' (1977),〔 ''Dreams of Georgia'' (1977), ''The Mystery'' (1983),〔 ''Coastline'' (1991), and others. A collection called ''Sad'' (''Garden'') led to Akhmadulina receiving the USSR State Prize in 1989.〔〔 "Many dogs and one dog", a short story written in a surreal style, was published in 1979 in Samizdat's ''Metropol Almanac''.〔 She assisted in the creation of ''Metropol''. She wrote essays about Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov.〔 She appeared in sold-out stadiums in the 1960s, as did the poets Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Andrei Voznesensky and Robert Rozhdestvensky. Her open letter was published supporting the exiled Andrei Sakharov. In October 1993, she signed the Letter of Forty-Two. She was a journalist in a 1964 film.〔 Bella participated in many international poetry events including Kuala Lumpur International Poetry Reading (1988).〔Imbauan PPDKL (Pengucapan Puisi Dunia Kuala Lumpur) (1986–2002). Kuala Lumpur: DBP, 2004, p. 97-98〕 After the Soviet Union she published ''Casket and Key'' (1994), ''A Guiding Sound'' (1995) and ''One Day in December'' (1996).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bella Akhmadulina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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