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Akdamar Island
Akdamar Island ((トルコ語:Akdamar Adası)), also known as Aghtamar ((アルメニア語:Աղթամար) (:ɑʁtʰɑˈmɑɾ)) or Akhtamar ((:ɑχtʰɑˈmɑɾ)), is the second largest of the four islands in Lake Van, in eastern Turkey. About 0.7 km² in size, it is situated about 3 km from the shoreline. At the western end of the island a hard, grey, limestone cliff rises 80 m above the lake's level (1,912 m above sea level). The island declines to the east to a level site where a spring provides ample water. It is home to the 10th century Armenian Holy Cross Cathedral, which was the seat of the Armenian Apostolic Catholicosate of Aghtamar from 1116 to 1895.
== Etymology ==
The origin and meaning of the island's name is unknown,〔Sirarpe Der Nersessian, "Aght'amar, Church of the Holy Cross", page 1.〕 but a folk etymology explanation exists, based on an old Armenian legend.〔 According to the tale, an Armenian princess named Tamar lived on the island and was in love with a commoner. This boy would swim from the shore to the island each night, guided by a light she lit for him. Her father learned of the boy's visits. One night, as she waited for her lover to arrive, he smashed her light, leaving the boy in the middle of the lake without a guide to indicate which direction to swim. His body washed ashore and, as the legend concludes, it appeared as if the words "Akh, Tamar" (Oh, Tamar) were frozen on his lips.〔 Dzotsikian, S. M. ''Արեւմտահայ Աշխարհ'' (''The World of the Western Armenian''). New York: S. M. Dzotsikian Jubilee Committee, 1947, pp. 678-79.〕〔Kudian, Mischa. ''(Soviet Armenian Poetry )''. London: Mashtots Press, 1974, p. 4.〕 The legend was the inspiration for a well-known 1891 poem by Hovhannes Tumanyan.〔 Tumanyan, Hovhannes. ''Ախթամար'' (''Akhtamar''). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1969.〕
Akdamar (meaning "white vein" in Turkish) is the official name of the island which was determined by Turkish government sometime after the modern republic was established as part of the Turkish government's policy of changing indigenous placenames into Turkish ones (a policy known as Turkification).〔Hovhannisian, Anush. "Turkey: A Cultural Genocide" in ''Studies in Comparative Genocide'', eds. Levon Chorbajian and George Shirinian. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999, p. 150.〕 Turkish journalist Cengiz Çandar claims that the main intention is to hide the Armenian heritage in Turkey.
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