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al-Bireh, al-Birah or el-Bira ((アラビア語:البيرة)) is a Palestinian city adjacent to Ramallah in the central West Bank, north of Jerusalem.〔(Al Bireh City )〕 It is situated on the central ridge running through the West Bank and is above sea level, covering an area of . Because of its location al-Bireh served as an economic crossroad between the north and south, along the caravan route between Jerusalem and Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the city had a population of approximately 39,202 in the 2007 census.〔(2007 PCBS Census ). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p. 114.〕 ==History== Edward Robinson in the early 19th century thought Al-Bireh was the biblical Be'eroth,〔Robinson and Smith, 1841, pp. (130 ) - 133〕 but present-day scholars thinks Be'eroth was located at Kh. el-Burj near Beit Iksa.〔Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 510〕 Conder and others have identified it with ''Beirothah'' of the Samaritan chronicles.〔〔Conder, 1876, p. (196 )〕 The Crusaders captured and named the town ''Birra''. It was also called ''Castrum Mahomeria'', ''Magna Mahomeria'' or ''Mahomeria Major''.〔Pringle, 1993, pp. ( 161 ) - 165〕 It was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. (11 )〕 In 1114, the gift was re-confirmed by Baldwin I of Jerusalem.〔de Roziére, 1849, p. (263 ), cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. (16 ) - 17, No 74〕 In 1156, 92 people of ''Mahomeria'' pledged their allegiance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and a further 50 names were added in the next three decades. Hence, it has been estimated that the total Frankish population at this time was 500-700.〔〔de Roziére, 1849, pp. (242 ) -244, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. (77 ) - 78, No 302〕 The Crusaders built a castle,〔Pringle, 1997, p. ( 35 )〕 church and hospice there.〔〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. (88 )-89〕〔Pringle, 2009, pp. ( 259 ) - 266〕 The latter two buildings were built by the Templars in 1146 and belonged to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Ayyubids under Saladin drove away the Crusaders from Birra when they reconquered interior Palestine after the Battle of Hittin in 1187, and completely demolished the town. Yaqut al-Hamawi mentions seeing the ruins a few times during his travels in the area.〔le Strange, 1890, p. (423 )〕 Nearing the end of Ayyubid rule, in 1280, the modern town of al-Bireh was an inhabited village. The Ayyubids built a mosque in the town dedicated to Umar ibn al-Khattab adjacent to the church ruins.〔Sharon, 1999, pp. ( 236 )-239〕 Potsherds from the Crusader/Ayyubid era have been found.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Bireh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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