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Al-Farabi (; (ペルシア語:ابونصر محمد بن محمد فارابی) '; for other recorded variants of his name see below) , known in the West as Alpharabius〔Alternative names and translations from Arabic include: ''Alfarabi'', ''Farabi'', ''Avenassar'', and ''Abunaser''.〕 (c. 872〔〕 in Fārāb〔 ((PDF version ))〕 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951 in Damascus),〔 was a renowned philosopher and jurist who wrote in the fields of political philosophy, metaphysics, ethics and logic. He was also a scientist, cosmologist, mathematician and music scholar.〔Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), ''Historical Dictionary of Islam'', pp.95-96. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810861615.〕 Al-Farabi is credited with preserving the original Greek texts during the Middle Ages because of his commentaries and treaties, and influencing many prominent philosophers, like Avicenna and Maimonides. Through his works, he became well-known in the East as well as the West. ==Biography== The existing variations in the basic accounts of al-Farabi's origins and pedigree indicate that they were not recorded during his lifetime or soon thereafter by anyone with concrete information, but were based on hearsay or guesses (as is the case with other contemporaries of al-Farabi).〔 The sources for his life are scant which makes the reconstruction of his biography beyond a mere outline nearly impossible.〔 The earliest and more reliable sources, i.e., those composed before the 6th/12th century, that are extant today are so few as to indicate that no one among Fārābī’s successors and their followers, or even unrelated scholars, undertook to write his full biography, a neglect that has to be taken into consideration in assessing his immediate impact.〔 The sources prior to the 6th/12th century consist of: (1) an autobiographical passage by Farabi, preserved by Ibn Abī Uṣaibiʿa. In this passage, Farabi traces the transmission of the instruction of logic and philosophy from antiquity to his days. (2) Reports by Al-Masudi, Ibn al-Nadim and Ibn Hawqal as well as by Said Al-Andalusi (d. 1070), who devoted a biography to him. When major Arabic biographers decided to write comprehensive entries on Farabi in the 6th-7th/12th-13th centuries, there was very little specific information on hand; this allowed for their acceptance of invented stories about his life which range from benign extrapolation on the basis of some known details to tendentious reconstructions and legends.〔 Most modern biographies of the philosopher present various combinations of elements drawn at will from this concocted material.〔 The sources from the 6th/12th century and later consist essentially of three biographical entries, all other extant reports on Farabi being either dependent on them or even later fabrications:〔 1) the Syrian tradition represented by Ibn Abī Uṣaibiʿa.〔 2) The Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ az-zamān (“Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch”; trans. by Baron de Slane, Ibn Khallikan’s Biographical Dictionary, 1842–74) compiled by Ibn Khallikān.〔 3) the scanty and legendary Eastern tradition, represented by Ẓahīr-al-Dīn Bayhaqī.〔 From incidental accounts it is known that he spent significant time in Baghdad with Christian scholars including the cleric Yuhanna ibn Haylan, Yahya ibn Adi, and Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Baghdadi. He later spent time in Damascus, Syria and Egypt before returning to Damascus where he died in 950-1.〔Reisman, D.(ed.)''Before and After Avicenna''. Princeton, NJ. 2001〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Farabi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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