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| image = Kerbela Hussein Moschee.jpg | image_size = 260px | caption = The shrine of Husayn, as seen from the shrine of Abbas in Karbala, Karbala Governorate, Iraq | birth_date = CE (3Sha'aban 04 AH) | honorific_suffix = | birth_place = Medina, Hejaz | death_date = (10 Muharram 61 AH) | death_place = Karbala, Umayyad Empire (now in Iraq) | death_cause = Beheaded at the Battle of Karbala | resting_place = Shrine of Imam Hussein, Karbala, Iraq | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = Medina, Hejaz | ethnicity = Hejazi Arab, Quraysh tribe | years_active = | known_for = Battle of Karbala | notable_works = | title = | term = 670–680 AD | predecessor = Hasan ibn Ali | successor = Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin | movement = | opponents = | religion = Islam | spouse = Shahr Banu Umme Rubāb Umme Laylā Umm Ishāq. | children = | parents = Ali Fatimah | relatives = Muhammad | module = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }} Husayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib ((アラビア語:الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب); 8 January 626 – 10 October 680) (3rd/4th Sha'aban 4 AH – 10th Muharram 61 AH), also spelled as Husain, Hussain or Hussein, was the son of Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib (fourth Rashidun Caliph of Sunni Islam, and first Imam of Shia Islam) and Fatimah Zahra (daughter of Muhammad) and the younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali. Husayn is an important figure in Islam, as he is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt (the household of Muhammad) and Ahl al-Kisa, as well as being the third Shia Imam. Hussain became the head of Shia Imam and the head of Banu Hashim after the death of his older brother, Hasan ibn Ali, in 670 (50 AH). His father's supporters (''Shi'a Ali'') in Kufa gave their allegiance to him. However, he told them he was still bound to the peace treaty between Hasan and Muawiyah I and they should wait until Muawiyah was dead. Later, Hussain did not accept the request of Muawiyah for the succession of his son, Yazid I, and considered this action a breach of the Hasan–Muawiya treaty. When Muawiyah I died in 680, Husayn refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid I, who had just been appointed as Umayyad caliph by Muawiyah, because he considered the Umayyads an oppressive and religiously misguided regime. He insisted on his legitimacy based on his own special position as a direct descendant of Muhammad and his legitimate legatees. As a consequence, he left Medina, his home town, to take refuge in Mecca in 60 AH.〔 There, the people of Kufa sent letters to him, asking his help and pledging their allegiance to him. So he traveled towards Kufa.〔 At a place near Kufa, known as Karbala, his caravan was intercepted by Yazid I's army. He was killed and beheaded in the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 (10 Moḥarram 61) by Shimr Ibn Thil-Jawshan, along with most of his family and companions.〔Gordon, 2005, pp. 144–146〕 Anger at Husayn's death was turned into a rallying cry that helped undermine the Umayyad Caliphate legitimacy and ultimately overthrow the Umayyad Caliphate by Abbasid Revolution. Husayn is highly regarded by Shia Muslims because he refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid I, the Umayyad caliph, because he considered the rule of the Umayyads unjust.〔 The annual memorial for him, his family, his children and his companions is called ''Ashura'' (tenth day of Muharram) and is a day of mourning for Shiite Muslims. His action at Karbala fueled the later Shiite movements.〔 ==Early life== According to most reports, Husayn was born on 8 January 626 CE (3 / 5 Sha'aban 4 AH).〔 Husayn and his brother Hasan were the last descendants of Muhammad living during his lifetime and remaining after his death. There are many accounts of his love for them which refer to them together.〔 Muhammad is reported to have said that ''"He who loves me and loves these two, their father and their mother, will be with me at my place on the Day of Resurrection."'' and that ''"Hussain is of me and I am his. Allah loves those who love Hussain. Hussain is a grandson among grandsons."''〔 A narration declares them the "Masters of the Youth of Paradise"; this has been particularly important for the Shia who have used it in support of the right of Muhammad's descendants to succeed him. Other traditions record Muhammad with his grandsons on his knees, on his shoulders, and even on his back during prayer at the moment of prostrating himself, when they were young.〔L. Veccia Vaglieri, (al-) Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, Encyclopedia of Islam〕 According to Wilferd Madelung, Muhammad loved them and declared them as his Ahl al-Bayt very frequently.〔Madelung (1997), pp. 14–16〕 According to popular Sunni belief, it refers to the household of Muhammad. Shia popular view is the members of Muhammad's family that were present at the incident of Mubahala. According to Muhammad Baqir Majlisi who compiled Bihar al-Anwar, a collection of ahadith, Chapter 46 Verse 15 (Al-Ahqaf) and Chapter 89 Verses 27-30 (Al-Fajr) of the Quran are regarding Husayn ibn-Ali. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Husayn ibn Ali」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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