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Imam al-Haramayn Dhia' ul-Din Abd al-Malik ibn Yusuf al-Juwayni al-Shafi'i ((ペルシア語:امام الحرمین ضیاءالدین عبدالملک ابن یوسف جوینی شافعی), 1028—1085 CE; 419—478 AH) was a Persian Sunni Shafi'i faqih and mutakallim. His name is commonly abbreviated as Al-Juwayni; he is also commonly referred to as Imam al Haramayn,〔M. M. Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy, 1.242. ISBN 9694073405〕 meaning "leading master of the two holy cities", that is, Mecca and Medina. ==Biography== Born in 1028CE in a village on the outskirts of Naysabur called Bushtaniqan in Iran,〔Al-Juwayni, Yusef. A Guide to the Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief. 1 ed. Eissa S. Muhammad. The Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization, 2000〕 Al-Juwayni was a prominent Muslim scholar known for his gifted intellect in Islamic legal matters. Al-Juwayni was born into a family of legal study. His father, Abu Muhammad 'Abdallah b. Yusef al-Juwayni, was a well-known master of Law in the Shafi′i community as well as a Shafi'i teacher and his older brother, Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali al-Juwayni, was a Sufi teacher of Hadith. Al-Juwayni grew up in Naysabur,〔 an intellectually thriving area drawing scholars to it. Naturally, Juwayni did not have to search far for his education. At the time, the teachings of the Shafi'i school were closely linked to the Ash'arite theology which al-Juwayni decided to study for several years after the death of his father, though he would later regret the time he invested in studying and debating the school's principles while on his deathbed.〔Rashid Ahmad Jullundhry, Qur'anic Exegesis in Classical Literature, pgs. 53-54. New Westminster: The Other Press, 2010. ISBN 9789675062551〕 He took over for his father at this point and began his teaching career at only 19 years of age.〔 The Seljuks, at the time, were moving quickly in their conquest of eastern Iran and Tughril Beg became the first sultan. Tughril Beg was a Mutazili-Hanafi adherent and at the time, the Ash'arite theological camp and the Hanafi school of legal thought shared a hostile relationship based in differences of opinion regarding doctrine and when Tughril Beg was named wazir in Nishapur, he forbid al-Juwayni to practice or teach the Ash'ari theological perspective.〔 Al-Juwayni traveled to Mecca and Medina in search of an interim home. He taught and studied there in Hijaz for four years.〔Messick, Brinkley. "Kissing Hands and Knees: Hegemony and Hierarchy in Shari'a Discourse." Law & Society Review 22, no. 4 (1988): 637-660.〕 During this time, al-Juwayni became hugely popularized because of his father's prominence in the scholarly world, and his exile.〔 He gained a large following and was invited back to Nishapur by the founder of the Shafii Madrasa, Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk. Upon his return, Juwayni was appointed to teach the doctrine of the Ash'arites at the Nizamiyya Madrasa until he died in 1085CE (which would turn out to be about 26 years).〔 Al-Juwayni spent his life studying and producing influential treatises in Muslim government; it is suspected that most of his works (below) came out of this period after his return from Mecca and Medina.〔 Al-Juwayni was the teacher of one of the most influential scholars in the Islamic tradition, particularly Sufism, al-Ghazali.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Juwayni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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