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Al-Mabda'
''Al-Mabda ((アラビア語:المبدأ), 'The Principle') was a communist daily newspaper published from Baghdad, Iraq.〔''(Middle East Record 1961 )''. London: published for the Israel Oriental Society, the Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. xx〕 ''Al-Mabda''' was founded by the dissident communist politician Daud as-Sayegh (who had just broken away from the original Iraqi Communist Party). The first issue of ''al-Mabda''' was published on 21 November 1959. The newspaper was allegedly supported by the government of Abd al-Karim Qasim.〔〔Gabbay, Rony. ''(Communism and agrarian reform in Iraq )''. p. 97〕 According to ''Neue Zürcher Zeitung'', the Qassim government had issued a substantial loan to as-Sayegh for the sake of publishing ''al-Mabda'''.〔''(Middle East Record 1960 )''. London: published for the Israel Oriental Society, the Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 239〕
In early 1960 two editorial secretaries of ''al-Mabda''', Kazim Shawi and Adb al-Amir Hassun al-Haddad, resigned from as-Sayeghs party.〔 In June 1960 ''al-Madba''' issued an appeal to the members of the (original) Iraqi Communist Party to join as-Sayegh's party.〔Ismael, Tareq Y. ''(The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq )''. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. p. 101〕 In November 1960 ''Al-Madba''' was closed down, with no public explanation.〔
''Al-Mabda''' was re-launched as a weekly on 4 February 1961. At the time, ''al-Mabda''' stated that the November 1960 disruption in publication had been caused by an urgent lack of funds.〔''(Middle East Record 1960 )''. London: published for the Israel Oriental Society, the Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 244〕〔''(Middle East Record 1961 )''. London: published for the Israel Oriental Society, the Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 270〕 ''Al-Mabda''' complained that the newspaper was treated with intense hostility from other leftwing sectors, and its readers frequently attacked in public.〔 All in all, twenty-two issues of ''al-Mabda''' were published in its second year of existence. On 25 November 1961 an anniversary issue was released, in which ''al-Mabda''' criticized the unwillingness of the followers of the (original) Iraqi Communist Party to join the ranks of as-Sayegh's legal Iraqi Communist Party.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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