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Abu `Abdullah Muhammad Ibn ‘Omar Ibn Waqid al-Aslami (Arabic ) (c. 130 – 207 AH; c. 748 – 822 AD), commonly referred to as al-Waqidi (Arabic: ). His surname is derived from his grandfather's name Waqid and thus he became famous as al-Imam al-Waqidi.〔(Islamic Conquest of Syria A translation of Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi ), pgs. x-xi. Trans. Mawlana Sulayman al-Kindi.〕 Al-Waqidi was an early Muslim historian and biographer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad specializing in his campaigns. Al-Waqidi served as a judge (''qadi'') for Harun al-Rashid and Al-Ma'mun. His history books are the earliest and some of the most detailed history books on Islam. ==Biography== Al-Waqidi was born in Medina in (c. 130 – 207 AH; c. 748 – 822 AD). Amongst his prominent teachers were Ibn Abi Thahab Ma'mar bin Rashid, Malik ibn Anas and Sufyan al-Thawri.〔 He lived in Madina at the time of Abu Hanifa and Ja'far al-Sadiq and studied in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi as a student of Malik Ibn Anas. Al-Waqidi also had access to the grand children of Muhammad's companions. Many of Muhammad's companions settled in Medina therefore both the Umayyads and then the Abbasids in the early day used the Medina fiqh. Malik ibn Anas was later asked by Al-Mansur the Abbasid ruler to compile this fiqh into a book form which became known as Muwatta Imam Malik. The Abbasids later tried other things like the Mu'tazila. For his livelihood in Medina, al-Waqidi earned a living as a wheat trader, but when a calamity struck at the age of 50 he migrated to Iraq in 180 AH during the reign of Ma'mun ar-Rashid. There Yahya al-Barmaki welcomed him due to his great learning and he was appointed a judge and he held the post until his death on 11 Dhul Hijjah 207 AH. He is buried in the graveyard of Khayzaran. Al-Waqidi concentrated on history and is acknowledged as a master in history.〔 He wrote some of the earliest history books on the early conquests.〔 His books on the early expeditions and conquests are extremely detailed and predate much of the Sunni and Shia literature of the later Abbasid period. They illustrate the involvement of the early Muslim women and young boys in campaigns in distant lands against the huge Roman armies. He is relied upon regarding the battles of Muhammad and the Companions and history in general by Muslim scholars.〔Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, vol. 9, pg. 462.〕 Western orientalists who enjoy his writings include Martin Lings.〔(Muhammad ibn Umar Waqidi ) at Let Me Turn the Tables.〕 His main area of specialization was history. His Hadith narrations need to be scrutinized before acceptance whereas he is doubtlessly acknowledged as a master of History.〔 In regards to Hadith, al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by later Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable.〔"Muhammad", in P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs et al., ''Encyclopædia of Islam'', 2nd Edition. (Leiden: E. J. Brill) 12 Vols. published between 1960 and 2005.〕 Al-Shafi'i is reported to have said that al-Waqidi's books are "lies."〔 Because Al-Waqidi lived at the time of Abu Hanifa, Malik ibn Anas and Ja'far al-Sadiq in Madina and was taught by Malik ibn Anas and had access to the children and the grand children of many of the companions of Muhammad in Madina, initially he was accepted by the greatest scholars of his time and is still accepted for his history, but on the Hadiths, since he did not retain the chains of narration there is debate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Waqidi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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