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or ((アラビア語:اللات) ) was a pre-Islamic Arabian goddess who was one of the three chief goddesses of Mecca along with Manāt and al-‘Uzzá. The shrine and temple dedicated to al-Lat in Taif was demolished on the orders of Muhammad, during the Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630 AD).〔Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available (here ), and archive of page (here )〕 The destruction of the idol was a demand by Muhammad before he would allow any reconciliation to take place with the tribes of Taif, who were under his siege. Whether al-Lat means "the Goddess" is highly disputed. Goddess in Arabic is ilāhah (إلاهة, meaning "goddess"), and with the article the goddess in Arabic would be al-ʾilāhah.〔Ilah〕 ==Descriptions== Especially in older sources, ''Allat'' is an alternative name of the Mesopotamian goddess of the underworld,〔(The Dawn of Civilisation ), by: Gaston Maspero〕〔(«A History Of Art In Chaldæa & Assyria» ) Georges Perrot, Professor in The Faculty of Letters, Paris; Member of The Institute, and Charles Chipiez. New York, 1884.〕 now usually known as Ereshkigal. She was reportedly also venerated in Carthage under the name Allatu.〔Encyclopedia of Gods, Michael Jordan, Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002〕 The Nabataeans of Petra and the people of Hatra also worshipped her, equating her with the Greek Athena and Tyche and the Roman Minerva. She is frequently called "the Great Goddess" in Greek in multi-lingual inscriptions. According to Wellhausen, the Nabataeans believed al-Lāt was the mother of Hubal (and hence the mother-in-law of Manāt). The Greek historian Herodotus, writing in the 5th century BC, considered her the equivalent of Aphrodite: This passage is linguistically significant as the first clear attestation of an Arabic word, with the diagnostically Arabic article ''al-''. The Persian and Indian deities were developed from the Proto-Indo-Iranian deity known as Mitra. According to Herodotus, the ancient Arabians believed in only two gods: In the Qur'an, she is mentioned along with al-‘Uzzá and Manāt in Sura 53:19–23. The tribe of of Iram of the Pillars is also mentioned in Sura 89:5–8, and archaeological evidence from Iram shows copious inscriptions devoted to her for the protection of a tribe by that name. Al-lāt is also explicitly attested from early Islamic records discussing the pre-Islamic period. According to the ''Book of Idols'' (') by Hishām ibn al-Kalbi, the pre-Islamic Arabs believed Al-lāt resided in the and also had an idol inside the sanctuary: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-lāt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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