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Alandroal ((:ɐlɐ̃dɾuˈaɫ)) is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Évora located on the eastern frontier with Spain along the right margin of the Guadiana River in the Central Alentejo region. It is located above sea level, northeast of Évora and southeast of Estremoz. The population in 2011 was 5,843,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 542.68 km².〔(Direção-Geral do Território )〕 ==History== With the completion of the castle in 1298, by Lourenço Afonso (9th Master of the Order of São Bento of Aviz), the noble fulfilled his obligation to King Denis of Portugal to expand the territory that would form Alandroal. By 1359, the church of Alandroal was incorporated under the commander of the Order of Avis, but it was only a century later (1486) that John II would issue a foral (''charter'') for the town.〔〔CIMAC (2012), p.1〕 Alandroal was elevated to town at this time, while only including the parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição. A second foral was conceded in 1514 by his successor, Manuel I of Portugal.〔 Alandroal's historic importance include the medieval structures during the early period of Christian conquest, including the Castle of Alandroal (whose main gate was flanked by two towers); the Castle of Terena, consisting of wall-enclosed courtyard, keep and towers; the fortress of Juromenha, whose balusters were constructed later during the Portuguese Restoration War, but whose proximity to the Guadiana frontier provided a natural buttress to Castilian influence in the region.〔 The lands at the time, flowered with Nerium oleander shrubs and trees, whose wood was used by local artisans.〔 Its Portuguese toponomy ''oleandro'' gave rise to the name ''aloendros'' or ''alandros'', eventually ''alandroal''.〔 The sanctuary of Nossa Senhora da Assunção da Boa Nova, apart from its religious importance, is of national importance.〔CIMAC (2012), p.2〕 In 1340, the Moors had invaded from Andaluzia, resulting in an alliance between Alfonso XI of Castile and his father-in-law, Afonso IV of Portugal, that culminated in the Battle of Río Salado.〔 In honor of their assistance during the Marinid invasion, Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile ordered the construction of the Gothic church to commemorate their victory.〔 In the 16th century the old Gothic church was substituted but the current parochial church in Alandroal. At the same time, the hermitage of Nossa Senhora das Neves, in the older lands of Mata, then known as Nossa Senhora das Hervas, received annual festivals on 5 August. Similarly, the brotherhood of the Misercórdia was probably established this century, constructing the primitive temple for those religious services. On 14 January 1659, a gunpowder warehouse exploded, causing the deaths of various residents, but primarily university students from Évora (under the authority of Father Francisco Soares), who were dispatched to Alandroal while the main Portuguese army fought in the Battle of the Line of Elvas.〔 The effects of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake resulted in destruction of various buildings.〔 By the second half of the 18th century, a decision of the Council of State to King Joseph I permitted the construction of a new municipal building for Alandroal, for which were acquired furniture from local and awnings for the market.〔 During the 19th Century territories of the older municipalities of Terena and Juromenha where annexed to Alandroal. The community of Villarreal, situated in the municipality of Olivenza (Spain) was once a part of the antique administration of Juromenha. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alandroal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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