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Aliyah (, ; ''aliyah'', "ascent") is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel (''Eretz Israel'' in Hebrew, and also called Palestine). Also defined as "the act of going up" or as in progressing towards Jerusalem, Aliyah is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to as ''yerida'' ("descent"). The concept of Aliyah (return) to the Holy Land was first developed in Jewish history during the Babylonian exile. During the Jewish diaspora, Aliyah was developed as a national aspiration for the Jewish people, although it was not usually fulfilled until the development of the Zionist movement in the late nineteenth century. Large-scale immigration to Palestine began in 1882. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, more than 3 million Jews from over 90 countries have 'made Aliyah' and arrived in Israel. Throughout much of Jewish history, most Jews have lived in the Diaspora. Today, the world's Jewish population is mostly concentrated in two countries: the United States and Israel. ==Historical overview== Successive waves of Jewish settlement are an important aspect of the history of Jewish life in Israel. ''Eretz Yisrael'' ("Land of Israel") is the Hebrew name for the region known in English as Israel. This traditional Hebrew toponym, in turn, has lent its name to the modern State of Israel. Pre-Zionist Aliyah refers to small-scale return migration of Diaspora Jews to Israel. Since the birth of Zionism, its advocates have striven to facilitate the settlement of Jewish refugees in Ottoman Israel, Mandatory Palestine, and the sovereign State of Israel. The following waves have been identified: *Aliyah to Ottoman Palestine: * *First Aliyah * *Second Aliyah *Aliyah to Mandatory Palestine: * *Third Aliyah * *Fourth Aliyah * *Fifth Aliyah * *Aliyah Bet (incl. the Bericha) *Aliyah to the State of Israel: * *Aliyah from elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa * *Aliyah from western and Communist countries following the Six-Day War (incl. the 1968 Polish political crisis) * *Aliyah from post-Soviet states Today, most aliyah consists of voluntary migration for ideological, economic, or family-reunification purposes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aliyah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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