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In organic chemistry, an alkyl substituent is an alkane missing one hydrogen. The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has the general formula C''n''H2''n''+1. A cycloalkyl is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula C''n''H2''n''−1. Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formula, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula CH3−. 〔Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry (Naming Organic Compounds ) 〕 == Alkyls in everyday life == The word root ''alkyl'' is encountered in several contexts. Alkylation is an important operation in refineries, for example in the production of high-octane gasoline. Alkylating antineoplastic agents refer to a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example, nitrogen mustards are well-known alkylating agents, but they are more complex than a mere hydrocarbon. In chemistry, alkyl refers to a group, a substituent, that is attached to other molecular fragments. For example, alkyl lithium reagents have the empirical formula Li(alkyl), where alkyl = methyl, ethyl, etc. A ''dialkyl'' ether is an ether with two alkyl groups, e.g., diethyl ether (O(C2H5)2). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alkyl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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