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The Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary refers to the historical, theological and spiritual links in Catholic devotions to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Devotions to the two hearts are key elements of Catholic teachings, and terms such as ''Holy Heart'', ''Agonizing Heart'' and ''Compassionate Heart'' have also been used in devotions.〔''Mary's Immaculate Heart'' by John F. Murphy 2007 ISBN 1-4067-3409-8 pages 59-60〕〔''Heart of the Redeemer'' by Timothy Terrance O'Donnell, 1992 ISBN 0-89870-396-4 page 272〕〔Arthur Calkins, ''The Theology of the Alliance of the Two Hearts'', Missio Immaculatae (English Edition) Year III, N° 4 (May to December 2007). ()〕〔''The Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary: Hope for the World'' by Michael O'Carroll, 2007, Queenship Publishing ISBN 1-882972-98-8〕〔''Sacred Heart of Jesus'' by Stephen J. Binz 2006 ISBN 1-58595-597-3 page 97〕 The joint devotion to the hearts was first formalized in the 17th century by Saint Jean Eudes who organized the scriptural, theological and liturgical sources relating to the devotions and obtained the approbation of the Church, shortly before to the visions of Saint Marguerite Marie Alacoque. He wrote the Mass and Office proper to the feasts, composed various prayers and rosaries and wrote the first book on the topic.〔''Roman Catholic worship: Trent to today'' by James F. White 2003 ISBN 0-8146-6194-7 page 34〕〔''From Trent to Vatican II: historical and theological investigations by Raymond F. Bulman, Frederick J. Parrella 2006 ISBN 0-19-517807-6 page 182〕〔''Praying with the saints'' by Woodeene Koenig-Bricker 2001 ISBN 0-8294-1755-9 page 134〕 In the 18th and 19th centuries, northern and central France became fertile ground for the growth of devotions to the hearts of Jesus and Mary, both jointly and individually with figures such as Saint Louis de Montfort promoting Mariology and Saint Catherine Labouré's Miraculous Medal depicting the Heart of Jesus thorn-crowned and the Heart of Mary pierced with a sword.〔''In Prayer With Mary the Mother of Jesus'' by Jean Lafrance 1988 ISBN 2-89039-183-3 page 310〕〔''Companion to the Calendar: A Guide to the Saints and Mysteries'' by Mary Ellen Hynes 2007 ISBN 1-56854-011-6 page 24〕〔''Butler's lives of the saints'', Volume 12 by Alban Butler, Kathleen Jones, 2000 ISBN 0-86012-261-1 page 245〕 The devotions, and the associated prayers, continued into the 20th century, e.g. in prayers by Saint Maximillian Kolbe which built on the Montfortean theme of "Jesus through Mary" and the reported messages of Our Lady of Fátima which stated that the Heart of Jesus wishes to be honored together with the Heart of Mary.〔''Youngest Prophet'' by Christopher Rengers 1998 ISBN 0-85342-815-8 page 38〕〔''The children of Fatima: Blessed Francisco & Blessed Jacinta Marto'' by Leo Madigan 2003 OSV Press ISBN 1-931709-57-2 page 248〕 Popes supported the individual and joint devotions to the hearts through the centuries. In the 1956 encyclical ''Haurietis aquas'', Pope Pius XII encouraged the joint devotion to the hearts. In the 1979 encyclical ''Redemptor hominis'' Pope John Paul II explained the theme of unity of Mary's Immaculate Heart with the Sacred Heart.〔 In his Angelus address on September 15, 1985 Pope John Paul II coined the term ''The Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary'', and in 1986 addressed the international conference on that topic held at Fátima, Portugal.〔(Pope John Paul II 1986 Speech at the Vatican Website )〕〔Arthur Calkins, ''The Alliance of the Two Hearts and Consecration'', Miles Immaculatae XXXI (July/December 1995) 389-407. ()〕〔(Vatican website: Pope John Paul II Angelus address of September 15, 1985 (Spanish and Italian) )〕〔''Proceedings of the International Theological Symposium on the Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary'', September 1986, Fatima, Portugal〕 ==History== The Hearts of Jesus and Mary are mentioned explicitly only briefly in the New Testament. Luke 2:19 states: "Mary kept all these things pondering them in her heart", and Luke 2:51: "His Mother kept all these things carefully in Her Heart". John 7:38 refers to the heart of Jesus: "From His Heart will flow rivers of living water." From the 2nd century onward, according to the Venerable Pope Pius XII, saints and Church Fathers occasionally referred to the two Hearts.〔(EWTN on the Hearts of Jesus and Mary )〕 Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus on its own dates back to the 11th century and was addressed by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux and Saint Gertrude the Great in the 12th and 13th centuries. Saint Bonaventure referred to the Heart of Jesus and the Heart of Mary throughout his writings during the 13th century, but the most poignant passage is in the devotional work ''The Mystical Vine'', a description of the Passion of Christ.〔 The joint devotion to the Hearts of Jesus and Mary formally started in the 17th century. Saint Jean Eudes (1601–1680) established the Society of the Heart of the Mother Most Admirable, which resembled the Third Order of Saint Francis and dedicated the seminary chapels of Caen and Coutances to the Sacred Hearts. Although Jean Eudes always associated the two Sacred Hearts, he began his devotional teachings with the Heart of Mary, and then extended it to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.〔''Life Of The Venerable John Eudes'' by Charles De Montzey, Cousens Press 2008, ISBN 1-4097-0537-4 page 215〕 Eudes was partly influenced by the writings of Saint Francis de Sales on the ''perfections of the Heart of Mary'' as the model of love for God.〔''Mary's Immaculate Heart'' by John F. Murphy 2007 ISBN 1-4067-3409-8 page 24〕 Jean Eudes organized the scriptural, theological and liturgical sources relating to the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and promoted them with the approbation of the Church. The feast of the Holy Heart of Mary was celebrated for the first time in 1648, and that of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 1670. The Mass and Office proper to these feasts were composed by Saint Jean Eudes in 1668, briefly preceding Saint Marguerite Marie Alacoque in establishing the devotion to the Sacred Hearts. He composed various prayers and rosaries to the Sacred Hearts. His book "Le Cœur Admirable de la Très Sainte Mère de Dieu" is the first book ever written on the devotion to the Sacred Hearts.〔〔〔 In December 1673 Saint Marguerite Marie Alacoque reported vision of Christ in which Jesus showed her the Sacred Heart.〔''Life of Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque of the Sacred Heart'' by Albert Barry 2008 ISBN 1-4097-0526-9 page 72〕 After her death in 1690, the devotion was promoted by the Jesuits. Devotion to the two Hearts continued to spread in France. On Christmas Eve in 1800, amid the French Revolution, knowing they could face the guillotine for their actions, Peter Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de Chevalerie established the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary with a mission to spread the message of God's love manifested through the Hearts of Jesus and Mary and through the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. Future members of the congregation included Saint Damien de Veuster of Molokai. By the beginning of the 19th century the devotion to the Immaculate Heart was sufficiently widespread in Europe for Pope Pius VII to allow a feast to honor it in 1805.〔''Saints and feasts of the liturgical year'' by Joseph N. Tylenda 2003 ISBN 0-87840-399-X page 118〕 In November 1830 Saint Catherine Labouré reported a vision which resulted the introduction of the Miraculous Medal, depicting the thorn-crowned Heart of Jesus and the pierced Heart of Mary.〔Raymond Burke, 2008, ''Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons,seminarians, and Consecrated Persons'', Queenship Publishing ISBN 1-57918-355-7 pages 842-843〕 Since the 19th century there has been a steady increase in Roman Catholic devotion to the Heart of Mary, and devotional images of the Virgin Mary pointing to Her sinlessly glowing Heart have become widespread.〔''Fundamentals of Catholicism: God, Trinity, Creation, Christ, Mary'' by Kenneth Baker 1983 ISBN 0-89870-019-1 page 382〕 Many images of the Immaculate Heart of Mary still show it as pierced or wounded and, in some cases, as bleeding.〔Michael Freze, 1989, ''They Bore the Wounds of Christ'', OSV Publishing ISBN 0-87973-422-1 page 33〕 Other orders and devotions continued thereafter; for example, the Order of the Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary was founded in 1866 by Father Victor Braun. Pope Pius XII consecrated the human race to the Immaculate Heart on December 8, 1942. In 1944 he extended the feast to the universal Church and set its date of celebration on August 22. Because August 22 is now the feast of Queenship of Mary, the feast of the Immaculate heart is celebrated the day after the Sacred Heart.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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