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Allotransplantation
Allotransplants (''allo-'' from the Greek meaning "other") is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs, to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species.〔(Surgery For ACL Tears )〕 The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts. A xenograft is a graft from a different species, such as when animal tissue is grafted into human tissue, or when human cancer cells are implanted in mice for experimental tumor studies. Allografts can be referred to as "homostatic" if they are biologically inert when transplanted, such as bone and cartilage.〔(W. P. Longmire, ''J. National Cancer Institute'' 14, 669: ''The term ''homostatic graft'' might be applied to inert tissues such as bone and cartilage when transferred from one individual to another of the same species; and the term ''homovital graft'' might be used in reference to grafts whose cells must continue to grow and reproduce for the graft to be effective after similar transplantation''; H. Conway, ''The Bulletin of the Hong Kong Chinese Medical Association'' 13, 43: ''These grafts persist however as homostatic grafts and are completely replaced by host tissues in time.)〕
An immune response against an allograft or xenograft is termed rejection. An allogenic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack, called Graft-versus-host disease.
==Procedure==
Informed consent is required before tissue is harvested from a donor, alive or dead. Proper screening for pathology and risk factors for communicable diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis B and C is then conducted.
In the US, donor tissue must be harvested and processed adhering to the Current Good Tissue Practices rule. In most cases it is sent to tissue banks for processing and distribution. Each year, Food and Drug Administration regulated and American Association of Tissue Banks-accredited tissue banks distribute 1.5 million bone and tissue allografts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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