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Altingiaceae
Altingiaceae, a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, 〔 Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) 〕 are wind-pollinated trees that produce hard, woody fruits containing numerous seeds. The fruits have been studied in considerable detail. 〔 Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond, Kathleen B. Pigg, and Jun Wen. 2005. "Comparative infructescence morphology in ''Liquidambar'' (Altingiaceae) and its evolutionary significance". ''American Journal of Botany'' 92(8):1234-1255. 〕 〔 Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond, Kathleen B. Pigg, and Jun Wen. 2007. "Comparative infructescence morphology in ''Altingia'' (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies". ''American Journal of Botany'' 94(7):1094-1115. 〕 They naturally occur in Central America, Mexico, eastern North America, the eastern Mediterranean, China, and tropical Asia. 〔 Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond and Jun Wen. 2006. "Phylogeny and biogeography of Altingiaceae: Evidence from combined analysis of five non-coding chloroplast regions". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 39(2):512-528. (see ''External links'' below). 〕 They are often cultivated as ornamentals and many produce valuable wood. 〔 Peter K. Endress. 1993. "Hamamelidaceae". pages 322-331. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor); Jens G. Rohwer and Volker Bittrich (volume editors). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume II. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. 〕
== Classification ==
Altingiaceae comprise three genera: ''Altingia'', ''Liquidambar'', and ''Semiliquidambar''. These three currently recognized genera represent a rapid radiation and have been difficult to separate reliably. ''Semiliquidambar'' has recently been shown to be hybrids of species of ''Altingia'' and ''Liquidambar''. This result had been expected for some time. 〔 ''Altingia'' and ''Liquidambar'' are known to be paraphyletic and a revision of the family is being prepared. 〔 Many of the species are closely related, and distinctions between them are likely to be artificial. Consequently, there is disagreement over the number of species. ''Altingia'' currently has six to eight recognized species. ''Liquidambar'' has four or five species, and ''Semiliquidambar'' has two to four. 〔
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