|
The Amaranthoideae is a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae. The stamens have anthers with two lobes (locules) and four pollen sacs. The main distribution of the subfamily is in tropical America, in tropical and Southern Africa, and in Australia. The genera ''Amaranthus'' (the amaranths) and ''Celosia'' (the cockscombs) contain many ornamental species, as well as species whose seeds are used as pseudocereals and leaves as leaf vegetables. == Systematics == The subfamily Amaranthoideae comprises about 57 genera with about 330 species. Phylogenetical research revealed that the subfamily is polyphyletic and its traditional classification (tribe Amarantheae Rchb. with two subtribes Amaranthinae und Aervinae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship.〔 Therefore an new taxonomical grouping has to be done. Müller & Borsch (2005) recognized several clades:〔 *basal group: * * ''Bosea'' L., on Macaronesian Islands, and in Cyprus and western Himalaya. * * ''Charpentiera'' Gaudich., endemic to Hawaii and the Australian Ridge (Tubuai-Islands) * Cladus Amaranthoids: * * ''Amaranthus'' L. (Syn.: ''Acnida'' L., ''Amblogyna'' Raf.), with about 60 species, occurring also extratropical in temperate regions. * * ''Chamissoa'' Kunth, with about 24 species in Middle and South America. * Tribus Celosieae, with multiovulate ovaries. This tribe is the only monophyletic one.〔 With about 5 genera and about 69 species: * * ''Celosia'' L., with about 45-60 species. * * ''Deeringia'' R.Br. (Syn.: ''Cladostachys'' D.Don, ''Dendroportulaca'' Eggli), with about 7 species. * * ''Henonia'' Moq. * * ''Hermbstaedtia'' Rchb., in southern Africa. * * ''Pleuropetalum'' Hook. f. * Cladus Aervoids, in tropical regions of Africa and Asia: * * ''Aerva'' Forssk., with about 10 species. * * ''Nothosaerva'' Wight * * ''Ptilotus'' R.Br. (Syn.: ''Dipteranthemum'' F.Muell., ''Trichinium'' R.Br.), with about 80 species in Australia * Cladus Achyranthoids, in tropical regions of Africa and Asia and on Pacific islands: * * ''Achyranthes'' L., with about 15 species, for example: * * * ''Achyranthes mutica'' A.Gray * * ''Nototrichium'' Hillebr. * * ''Calicorema'' Hook. f. * * ''Cyathula'' Blume, with about 27 species. * * ''Pandiaka'' (Moq.) Hook. f. * * ''Psilotrichum'' Blume (Syn.: ''Psilostachys'' Hochst.), with about 14 species. * * ''Pupalia'' Juss. * * ''Sericostachys'' Gilg & Lopr. * Many genera are not yet investigated for their grouping into clades: * * ''Achyropsis'' (Moq.) Hook. f. * * ''Allmania'' R.Br. ex Wight, with only one species: * * * ''Allmania nodiflora'' (L.) R.Brown ex Wight, in tropical Asia. * * ''Allmaniopsis'' Suess. * * ''Arthraerva'' (Kuntze) Schinz * * ''Centema'' Hook. f. * * ''Centemopsis'' Schinz * * ''Centrostachys'' Wall. * * ''Chionothrix'' Hook. f. * * ''Dasysphaera'' Volkens ex Gilg, with about 4 species in tropical eastern Africa * * ''Digera'' Forssk. * * ''Eriostylos'' C.C.Towns. * * ''Herbstia'' Sohmer (Syn. ''Siamosia'' K.Larsen & Pedersen) * * ''Indobanalia'' A.N.Henry & B.Roy (Syn.: ''Banalia'' Moq.) * * ''Kyphocarpa'' (Fenzl) Lopr. (Syn.: ''Cyphocarpa'' (Fenzl) Lopr. orth. var.), in southern Africa. * * ''Lagrezia'' Moq. (''Apterantha'' C.H.Wright) * * ''Lecosia'' Pedersen * * ''Leucosphaera'' Gilg * * ''Lopriorea'' Schinz * * ''Marcelliopsis'' Schinz (Syn.: ''Marcellia'' Baill.) * * ''Mechowia'' Schinz * * ''Nelsia'' Schinz * * ''Neocentema'' Schinz * * ''Nyssanthes'' R.Br. * * ''Omegandra'' G.J.Leach & C.C.Towns. * * ''Pleuropterantha'' Franch. * * ''Polyrhabda'' C.C.Towns. * * ''Pseudosericocoma'' Cavaco, with only one species: * * * ''Pseudosericocoma pungens'' (Fenzl) Cavaco, in southwestern and southern Africa. * * ''Psilotrichopsis'' C.C.Towns.: with 1-3 species in Thailand an the Malayian peninsula. * * ''Rosifax'' C.C.Towns., with only one species: * * * ''Rosifax sabuletorum'' C.C.Towns., endemic in Somalia. * * ''Saltia'' R.Br. ex Moq. (Syn.: ''Psilodigera'' Suess.), with only one species: * * * ''Saltia papposa'' (Forssk.) Moq., endemic on the southern Arabian peninsula. * * ''Sericocoma'' Fenzl, with 2-3 species in southern Africa. * * ''Sericocomopsis'' Schinz, with 2 species in tropical East Africa. * * ''Sericorema'' (Hook. f.) Lopr., with 2 species in southern Africa. * * ''Stilbanthus'' Hook. f., with only one species: * * * ''Stilbanthus scandens'' Hook. f., in Asia. * * ''Trichuriella'' Bennet (Syn.: ''Trichurus'' C.C.Towns.), with only one species: * * * ''Trichuriella monsoniae'' (L. f.) Bennet, in Southeast Asia. * * ''Volkensinia'' Schinz, with only one species: * * * ''Volkensinia prostrata'' Schinz, in East Africa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amaranthoideae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|