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Amastrianum
The Amastrianum ((ラテン語:Amastriánum), , pr. "ta Amastrianoú"), by modern authors also Forum Amastrianum, was a public square ((ラテン語:Forum)) in the city of Constantinople (today's Istanbul). Used also as place for public mutilations and executions, it disappeared completely after the end of the Byzantine Empire.
==Location==
The precise location of the square is unknown: in the work ''De Ceremoniis'', written by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (reigned 913–959), the square was located along the southern branch of the Mese Odós (the main street of the city), between the Philadelphion and the Forum Bovis, both stations of imperial processions coming from the Great Palace and heading to the western part of the city.〔 Janin (1964), p. 69〕 Because of that, the Amastrianum should have lain in the valley of the Lycus creek, between the seventh and the third hills of Constantinople, at midway between the modern neighbourhoods of Şehzadebaşı and Aksaray.〔 According to another source,〔Mamboury (1953, p. 73〕 the square lay in a plain zone on the southern slope of the fourth hills of Constantinople, more or less where the modern roads ''Atatürk Caddesi'' and ''Şehzadebaşı Caddesi'' cross each other.〔 Administratively, it was included in the ninth ''Regio'' of the city. 〔Mamboury (1953, p. 67〕
==History==
No Byzantine source defines directly the Amastrianum as a forum, but from the context it is clear that it was a public square.〔 Janin (1964), p. 68〕 Its name derived from the city of Amastris (modern Amasra) in Paphlagonia (a region on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia), either because someone from that city who had come to Constantinople for business was killed here, or because it was a place of execution for delinquents, and the Paphlagonians had a reputation for being criminals.〔 According to the ''Patrologia Latina'', the square hosted two statues, respectively of a Paphlagonian and of a slave of him, both always covered with litter and excrement.〔 Indeed the neighbourhood had a very bad reputation, and witnessed several executions. Here Michael III (r. 842–867) let burn the exhumed body of the iconoclast emperor Constantine V Kopronymos (r. 741–775), and Basil the Macedonian (r. 867–886) burned the slaves responsible of having killed their master. In 932, Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944) let burn at the stake here Basil the Copper Hand, who assumed the identity of the usurper Constantine Doukas to lead a rebellion in Bithynia. During the Byzantine age, the Amastrianum was also the centre of the horse trade in the city.〔 Janin (1964), p. 95〕
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