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Amel-Marduk
Amel-Marduk (Akk.: (''Amēl-Marduk'') (''Evil-Merodach'') (''Awil-Marduk'') (''Amil-Marduk''), 'man of Marduk'〔Sack, 1992.〕〔Me'moires de la mission archeologique de Susiane, by V. Scheil, Paris 1913, vol XIV〕 (died 560 BC) was the son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylon.
== Biography ==
His name, along with the length of his reign, are recorded in the 'Uruk King List' and the Canon of Ptolemy, however no surviving cuneiform document records anything concerning his life or deeds.〔 Berossus writes that he was murdered in a plot orchestrated by Nergal-sharezer, his successor and brother-in-law.〔Josephus, Apion 1.20〕 Berossus also notes that "he governed public affairs after an illegal and impure manner," possibly an allusion to actions that infuriated the priestly class,〔Hirsch 1901-1906〕 including reforms made to the policies of Nebuchadrezzar.〔Oded 2007〕
One such reform is recorded in the Hebrew Bible,〔2 Kings 25:27, Jeremiah 52:31〕 where Evil-Merodach (Heb.: אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ, ˒ĕwı̂l merōdak) is remembered for releasing the Jewish king Jehoiachin from prison after thirty seven years in captivity.
Later Jewish and Christian texts expand the Biblical account. Josephus and the Avot of Rabbi Natan state that the king believed that Jehoiachin was held by his father without cause, and thus decided to release him upon the latter's death.〔 Originally, Josephus assigned eighteen years to his reign,〔Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus, Book X, chapter 11 pg. 216〕 but in a later work, Josephus states that Berossus, a third century B.C. Chaldean priest of Bel in Babylon, assigned a reign of only two years.〔Against Apion by Flavius Josephus, Book 1, paragraph 20〕 Seder Olam Rabbah assigned twenty three years to his reign.〔Transactions of the Chronological Institute of London, T. Richards 1852, pg 120...see also pg 121〕 Leviticus Rabbah 18:2 states that Evil-Merodach was made king while Nebuchadrezzar was still living, and was punished for this act of rebellion by his father, who had him imprisoned.〔 In Esther Rabbah, Evil-Merodach, owing to his father's actions before his death, is heir to a bankrupt treasury.〔
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