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Amun (also ''Amon'' (), ''Amen''; ''Ámmōn'', ''Hámmōn'') was a major Egyptian deity and Berber deity. He was attested since the Old Kingdom together with his spouse Amaunet. With the 11th dynasty ( 21st century BC), he rose to the position of patron deity of Thebes by replacing Monthu.〔Warburton (2012:211).〕 After the rebellion of Thebes against the Hyksos and with the rule of Ahmose I, Amun acquired national importance, expressed in his fusion with the Sun god, Ra, as Amun-Ra or Amun-Re. Amun-Ra retained chief importance in the Egyptian pantheon throughout the New Kingdom (with the exception of the "Atenist heresy" under Akhenaten). Amun-Ra in this period (16th to 11th centuries BC) held the position of transcendental, self-created〔Michael Brennan Dick, ''Born in heaven, made on earth: the making of the cult image in the ancient Near East'', Eisenbrauns, 1999 ISBN 1575060248, (p. 184 (fn. 80) )〕 creator deity "par excellence", he was the champion of the poor or troubled and central to personal piety.〔Vincent Arieh Tobin, Oxford Guide: The Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology, Edited by Donald B. Redford, p. 20, Berkley books, ISBN 0-425-19096-X〕 His position as King of Gods developed to the point of virtual monotheism where other gods became manifestations of him. With Osiris, Amun-Ra is the most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods.〔 As the chief deity of the Egyptian Empire, Amun-Ra also came to be worshipped outside of Egypt, in Ancient Libya and Nubia, and as ''Zeus Ammon'' came to be identified with Zeus in Ancient Greece. ==Early history== Amun and Amaunet are mentioned in the Old Egyptian ''Pyramid Texts''.〔''Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums'' (1908), (no 446 ).〕 Amun and Amaunet formed one quarter of the ancient Ogdoad of Hermopolis. The name ''Amun'' (written ', pronounced ''Amana'' in ancient Egyptian 〔(Egypt and the Egyptians pg. 123 )〕) meant something like "the hidden one" or "invisible". It was thought that Amun created himself and then his surroundings.〔http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/amun.html〕 The other members of the Ogdoad are Nu and Naunet; Kuk and Kauket; and Huh and Hauhet. Amun rose to the position of tutelary deity of Thebes after the end of the First Intermediate Period, under the 11th dynasty. As the patron of Thebes, his spouse was Mut. In Thebes, Amun as father, Mut as mother and the Moon god Khonsu formed a divine family or "Theban Triad". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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