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Amikacin, sold under the brandname Amikin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Amikacin was initially sold in 1976. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Amikacin is most often used for treating severe, hospital-acquired infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Acinetobacter'', and ''Enterobacter''. ''Serratia marcescens'' and ''Providencia stuartii'' are also included in the spectrum. Amikacin can also be used to treat non-tubercular mycobacterial infections and tuberculosis (if caused by sensitive strains) when first-line drugs fail to control the infection. Amikacin may be combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic for empiric therapy for people with neutropenia and fever. Liposomal amikacin for inhalation is currently in late stage clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis,〔"Randomized, open-label, active-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Arikace™ in Cystic Fibrosis patients with chronic infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa" is a European Phase III clinical trial, being conducted across multiple sites in the EU, starting at the Royal Brompton Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, in London. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2011-000441-20/GB〕 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'',〔http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01315678〕 non-tubercular mycobacterial infections〔"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Liposomal Amikacin for Inhalation (Arikace™) in Patients With Recalcitrant Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease" is a Phase II clinical trial in collaboration with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01315236〕 and bronchiectasis.〔"A Placebo Controlled, Randomized, Parallel Cohort, Safety And Tolerability Study Of 2 Dose Levels Of Liposomal Amikacin For Inhalation (Arikace™) In Patients With Bronchiectasis Complicated By Chronic Infection Due To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa" Phase II (completed). http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00775138〕〔"A Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Arikace™ Versus Placebo in Patients Who Have Bronchiectasis" is a Phase II clinical trial (as ()) completed in the UK. http://www.ukctg.nihr.ac.uk/trialdetails/NCT00775138〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amikacin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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