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| image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Amsterdam.svg | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Wapen van Amsterdam.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt = | nickname = Mokum, Damsko | motto = Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig ''(Valiant, Steadfast, Compassionate)'' | image_map = LocatieAmsterdam.svg | map_alt = Highlighted position of Amsterdam in a municipal map of North Holland | map_caption = Location in North Holland | latd = 52 |latm = 22 |latNS = N | longd = 4 |longm = 54 |longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = NL | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Netherlands | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = North Holland | parts_type = | parts_style = coll | parts = 8 districts |p1=Centrum |p2=Noord |p3=West |p4=Nieuw-West |p5=Zuid |p6=Oost |p7=Zuidoost |p8=Westpoort | government_footnotes = | governing_body = Municipal council | leader_party = PvdA | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Eberhard van der Laan | total_type = Municipality | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 219.32 | area_land_km2 = 165.76 | area_water_km2 = 53.56 | area_blank1_title = Randstad | area_blank1_km2 = 3043 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = -2 | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = 〔 | population_total = 831,279 | population_as_of = municipality, September 2015 (CBS); urban and metro, March 2015 (CBS); Randstad, 2011 | population_density_km2 = | population_urban = 1,326,384 | population_metro = 1,599,737 | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = 2,431,000 | population_blank2_title = Randstad | population_blank2 = 7100000 | population_demonym = Amsterdammer | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 1000–1109 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 020 | website = | footnotes = }} Amsterdam ( or ; ) is the capital city and most populous city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the Dutch capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands though it is not the seat of the Dutch government, which is The Hague.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the UN )〕 Amsterdam has a population of 831,279 within the city proper, 1,326,384 in the urban area and 1,599,737 in the metropolitan area.〔 The city region has an approximate population of 2,431,000.〔 The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country, and is also North Holland's largest city. It comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million. Amsterdam's name derives from ''Amstelredamme'',〔Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Vol 1, pp. 896-898.〕 indicative of the city's origin as a dam of the river Amstel. Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age (17th century), a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading center for finance and diamonds.〔(Cambridge.org ), Capitals of Capital -A History of International Financial Centres – 1780–2005, Youssef Cassis, ISBN 978-0-521-84535-9〕 In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded, and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19–20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) study group. The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands.〔After Athens in 1888 and Florence in 1986, Amsterdam was in 1986 chosen as the European Capital of Culture, confirming its eminent position in Europe and the Netherlands. See (EC.europa.eu ) for an overview of the European cities and capitals of culture over the years.〕 Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, and seven of the world's 500 largest companies, including Philips and ING, are based in the city.〔(Forbes.com ), Forbes Global 2000 Largest Companies – Dutch rankings.〕 In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city in which to live by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer . The city was previously ranked 3rd in innovation by 2thinknow in the Innovation Cities Index 2009. Famous Amsterdam residents included Anne Frank the diarist, the artist Vincent van Gogh and the philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in the world, is located in the city center. Amsterdam's main attractions, including its historic canals, the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum, Stedelijk Museum, Hermitage Amsterdam, Anne Frank House, Amsterdam Museum, its red-light district, and its many cannabis coffee shops draw more than 5 million international visitors annually.〔http://www.parool.nl/parool/nl/4/AMSTERDAM/article/detail/3975968/2015/04/23/Amsterdam-verwelkomde-in-2014-ruim-5-miljoen-buitenlandse-toeristen.dhtml〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amsterdam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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