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The Amu Darya ((ペルシア語:آمودریا), ''Āmūdaryā''; (トルクメン語:Amyderýa); (トルコ語:Ceyhun); Uzbek: ''Amudaryo''; (タジク語:Амударё); (パシュトー語:د آمو سيند), ''da Āmú Sínd''; , ''Oxos''; (サンスクリット:वक्षु), ''Vakṣu''), also called the Amu River and historically known by its Latin name, Oxus, is a major river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, at Qal`eh-ye Panjeh in Afghanistan, and flows from there north-westwards into what remains of the Aral Sea. In ancient times, the river was regarded as the boundary between Greater Iran and Turan.〔B. Spuler, (ĀMŪ DARYĀ ), in Encyclopædia Iranica, online ed., 2009〕 == Names == In classical antiquity, the river was known as the ''Ōxus'' in Latin and Ὦξος ''Oxos'' in Greek—a clear derivative of Vakhsh — the name of the largest tributary of the river. In Vedic Sanskrit, the river is also referred to as Vakṣu (वक्षु). The Avestan texts too refer to the River as Yakhsha/Vakhsha (and Yakhsha Arta ("upper Yakhsha") referring to the Jaxartes/Syr Darya twin river to Amu Darya). In Middle Persian sources of the Sassanid period the river is known as ''Wehrōd''〔 (lit. "good river"). The name ''Amu'' is said to have come from the medieval city of ''Āmul'', (later, Chahar Joy/Charjunow, and now known as Türkmenabat), in modern Turkmenistan, with ''Darya'' being the Persian word for "river". Medieval Arabic and Muslim sources call the river ''Jayhoun'' (جيحون) which is derived from ''Gihon'', the biblical name for one of the four rivers of the Garden of Eden.〔William C. Brice. 1981. ''Historical Atlas of Islam (Hardcover)''. Leiden with support and patronage from Encyclopaedia of Islam. ISBN 90-04-06116-9.〕〔(Encyclopædia Britannica Online: Amu Darya )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amu Darya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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