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''Amylostereum'' is the single genus in the fungal family Amylostereaceae. The genus currently comprises four saprotrophic and parasitic species, which live off living or dead wood. The Amylostereaceae cause white rot in the wood by disintegrating the tissue component lignin. They produce crust-like, partially wavy fruit bodies on the surface of infested trees, which are similar to those produced by ''Stereum'' species. There are four described species in the Amylostereaceae: ''A. chailletii'' (the type), ''A. areolatum'', ''A. ferreum'' and ''A. laevigatum''. The species were initially considered part of ''Stereum'' until mycologist Jacques Boidin found atypical microscopic differences between them. Forty years after his extensive researches from 1958, Boidin reclassified ''Amylostereum'' into its own family. Three ''Amylostereum'' species are symbionts of wood wasps in the genera ''Sirex'', ''Urocerus'', and ''Xoanon'', which infest conifers. The female wood wasps deposit their eggs together with fungal spores and mucus in trees, and the fungus is eaten by the wasp's larva as food. The fungus propagates vegetatively through the formation of asexual spores in newly emerged females that are stored in special structures adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi. The ''A. areolatum''–Sirex woodwasp (''S. noctilio'') symbiont complex has been studied extensively because of its potential to cause substantial economic losses in the forestry industry, particularly in non-native regions. ==Taxonomy and history of research== Amylostereaceae species were for a long time classified in the genus ''Stereum'', based primary on the layered structure of the fruit body and the similar physiological activity. Mycologist Jacques Boidin separated ''Amylosterum'' from ''Stereum'' in 1958, justifying this decision by explaining that microscopic differences such as amyloid spores and encrusted cystidia were sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a new genus. Although the type species of the genus (today called ''A. chailletii'') was initially named ''Trichocarpus ambiguus'', the name ''Trichocarpus'' had already been used for a genus in the flowering plant family Malvaceae. Boidin thus chose the genus name ''Amylostereum'', referring to the amyloid spores. Based on DNA analysis, Boidin in 1998 moved ''Amylostereum'' into a new, monotypic family, the Amylostereaceae, which he attributed to the Hericiales order. Later studies, however, supported the initial classification in the Russulales. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amylostereum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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