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Anaimalai Hills
The Anaimalai Hills is a range of mountains in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of South India. The name "Anaimalai" derives from the Tamil and Malayalam word 'Anai' meaning elephant〔Fabricius, Johann Philipp. (1972) ''J. P. Fabricius's Tamil and English dictionary'', 4th ed., rev. and enl. Tranquebar: Evangelical Lutheran Mission Pub. House, retrieved 6/18/2007 (anai (āṉai), an elephant )〕 and 'Malai' meaning hill, thus Elephant Hill. The highest peak of the Anaimalai Hills is Anamudi, (), located in the Idukki district of Kerala. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India. To the north, Palakkad Gap divides the Western Ghats. The lower slopes of hills now have coffee and tea plantations as well as teak forests of great economic value.
The Western Ghats, Anaimalai Sub-Cluster, including the Anaimalai Hills, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.〔UNESCO, World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster, Niligiris. retrieved 4/20/2007 (World Heritage sites, Tentative lists )〕
==Geography==
These hills are located between 10° 13' and 10° 31' N. and 76° 52' and 77° 23' E., central point: . They form a southern portion of the Western Ghats. Anaimalai Hills are south of where the Western Ghats are broken by the Palakkad Gap, which in turn is south of the Nilgiri Hills. They border the state of Kerala on the Southwest and the Cardamom Hills to the southeast. To the east are the Palni Hills.
Their geological formation is metamorphic gneiss, veined with felspar and quartz, and interspersed with reddish porphyrite.〔1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (ANAMALA HILLS )〕 Twelve Major forest types are found in the area which are now fragmented by many coffee and tea plantations on the lower slopes and teak plantations higher up. Monsoon rains are heavy. Annual rainfall varies from 2,000 mm to 5,000 mm in the area.〔Sajeev T.K. et al., ''Management of Forests in India for Biological Diversity and Forest Productivity- A New Perspective'', WII-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Grant No. FG-In-780 (In-FS-120), Volume III (ACA) (Anaimalai Conservation Area ).〕
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