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Anarcha-feminism, also called anarchist feminism and anarcho-feminism, combines anarchism with feminism. It generally views patriarchy as a manifestation of involuntary coercive hierarchy that should be replaced by decentralized free association. Anarcha-feminists believe that the struggle against patriarchy is an essential part of class conflict and the anarchist struggle against the state. In essence, the philosophy sees anarchist struggle as a necessary component of feminist struggle and vice versa. L. Susan Brown claims that, "as anarchism is a political philosophy that opposes all relationships of power, it is inherently feminist."〔Brown, p. 208.〕 Contrary to popular belief and contemporary association with radical feminism, Anarcha-feminism is not an inherently militant party. It is described to be an anti-authoritarianism, anti-capitalism, anti-oppressive philosophy, with the goal of creating an "equal ground" between males and females. The term "Anarcha-feminism" suggests the social freedom and liberty of women, without needed dependence upon other groups or parties. ==Origins== Mikhail Bakunin opposed patriarchy and the way the law "subjects () to the absolute domination of the man." He argued that "()qual rights must belong to men and women" so that women can "become independent and be free to forge their own way of life." Bakunin foresaw the end of "the authoritarian juridical family" and "the full sexual freedom of women."〔An Anarchist FAQ. (What is Anarcha-Feminism? ) 〕 (''Bakunin on Anarchism'', p. 396 and p. 397). Proudhon, on the other hand, viewed the family as the most basic unit of society and of his morality and believed that women had the responsibility of fulfilling a traditional role within the family.〔Broude, N. and M. Garrard (1992). ''The Expanding Discourse: Feminism And Art History.'' p. 303. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-06-430207-4〕〔(An Anarchist FAQ (14/17): Section 3 – The Anarchist Library )〕 Since the 1860s, anarchism's radical critique of capitalism and the state has been combined with a critique of patriarchy. Anarcha-feminists thus start from the precept that modern society is dominated by men. Authoritarian traits and values—domination, exploitation, aggression, competition, etc.—are integral to hierarchical civilizations and are seen as "masculine." In contrast, non-authoritarian traits and values—cooperation, sharing, compassion, sensitivity—are regarded as "feminine," and devalued. Anarcha-feminists have thus espoused creation of a non-authoritarian, anarchist society. They refer to the creation of a society, based on cooperation, sharing, mutual aid, etc. as the "feminization of society."〔 Anarcha-feminism began with late 19th and early 20th century authors and theorists such as anarchist feminists Emma Goldman, Voltairine de Cleyre and Lucy Parsons.〔Dunbar-Ortiz, p.9.〕 In the Spanish Civil War, an anarcha-feminist group, ("Free Women"), linked to the , organized to defend both anarchist and feminist ideas.〔Ackelsberg.〕 Stirnerist Nietzschean feminist Federica Montseny held that the "emancipation of women would lead to a quicker realization of the social revolution" and that "the revolution against sexism would have to come from intellectual and militant 'future-women.'" According to this Nietzschean concept of Federica Montseny's, women could "realize through art and literature the need to revise their own roles." In China, the anarcho-feminist He Zhen argued that without women's liberation, society could not be liberated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anarcha-feminism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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