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(Greek: ; from earlier , ') is an ancient Greek word for "(tribal) king, lord, (military) leader".〔.〕 It is one of the two Greek titles traditionally translated as "king", the other being basileus. Anax is the more archaic term of the two, inherited from the Mycenaean period, and is notably used in Homeric Greek, e.g. of Agamemnon. The feminine form is anassa, "queen" (, ''ánassa''; from ''wánassa'', itself from '' *wánakt-ja''). == Etymology == The word ''anax'' derives from the stem ''wanakt-'' (nominative , genitive ), and appears in the Mycenaean language, written in Linear B script as , ',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/default.aspx?static=12&wid=162 )〕 and in the feminine form as , ''wa-na-sa''〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/default.aspx?static=12&wid=798 )〕 (later , ''ánassa''). The digamma was pronounced ''/w/'' and was dropped very early on, even before the adoption of the Phoenician alphabet, by eastern Greek dialects (e.g. Ionian); other dialects retained the digamma until well after the classical era. The word ''Anax'' in the ''Iliad'' refers to Agamemnon (, i.e. "leader of men") and to Priam, high kings who exercise overlordship over other, presumably lesser, kings. This possible hierarchy of one "anax" exercising power over several local "basileis" probably hints to a proto-feudal political organization of Bronze Age Greece. The Linear B adjective , ' ('), "of the (of ) the king, royal",〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/default.aspx?static=12&wid=575 )〕 and the Greek word , ', "royal (), palace"〔.〕 are derived from '. ''Anax'' is also a ceremonial epithet of the god Zeus ("Zeus Anax") in his capacity as overlord of the Universe, including the rest of the gods. The meaning of basileus as "king" in Classical Greece is due to a shift in terminology during the Greek Dark Ages. In Mycenaean times, a appears to be a lower-ranking official (in one instance a chief of a professional guild), while in Homer, Anax is already an archaic title, most suited to legendary heroes and gods rather than for contemporary kings. The Greek title has been compared to Sanskrit वणिज् ', a word for "merchant", but in the Rigveda once used as a title of Indra. The word could then be from Proto-Indo-European *', roughly "bringer of spoils" (compare the etymology of lord, "giver of bread"). The word is found as an element in such names as Hipponax ("king of horses"), Anaxagoras ("king of the agora"), Pleistoanax ("king of the multitude"), Anaximander ("king of the estate"), Anaximenes ("enduring king"), Astyanax ("high king", "overlord of the city") Anaktoria ("royal ()"), Iphiánassa ("mighty queen"), and many others. The archaic plural ''Ánakes'' (Ἄνακες, "Kings") was a common reference to the Dioscuri or Heavenly Twins, Castor and Polydeuces, whose temple was usually called the Anakeion () and their yearly religious festival the ''Anákeia'' (). The words ''ánax'' and ''ánassa'' are occasionally used in Modern Greek as a deferential to royalty, whereas the word ''anáktoro()'' and its derivatives are commonly used with regard to palaces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anax」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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