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Andrographis
''Andrographis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the acanthus family. They may be known generally as the false waterwillows,〔(''Andrographis''. ) Integrated Taxonomic Information System.〕 and several are called ''periyanagai''.〔Boopathi, C. A. (2000). (''Andrographis'' spp.: A source of bitter compounds for medicinal use. ) ''Anc Sci Life'' 19(3-4) 164-8.〕
Most species are native to Asia.〔Niranjan, A., et al. (2010). (Biological activities of kalmegh (''Andrographis paniculata'' Nees) and its active principles - A review. ) ''Indian J Nat Prod Resour'' 1(2) 125-35.〕 Many are endemic to India.〔Gnanasekaran, G. and G. V. S. Murthy. (2012). (Lectotypifications in ''Andrographis'' (Acanthaceae). ) ''Rheedia'' 22(2) 77-79.〕 They may be herbs or shrubs.〔
Some species are used medicinally. The best known is ''Andrographis paniculata'', which is valued in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha medicine. It is used to treat a very long list of illnesses and conditions.〔 ''A. alata'' and ''A. lineata'' are used in human and veterinary medicine.〔
It is not clear how many valid species currently belong to the genus. Estimates vary from 19〔Patidar, S., et al. (2011). (Biochemical constituents in kalmegh (''Andrographis paniculata'' Nees.) under various row spacings and nitrogen levels. ) ''World Applied Sciences Journal'' 15(8) 1095-99.〕〔Bhattacharya, S., et al. (2012). (Studies on seed germination and seedling growth in kalmegh (''Andrographis paniculata'' Wall. ex Nees) under abiotic stress conditions. ) ''International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology'' 1(3) 197-204.〕 to 28〔〔 to 40〔Rao, Y. K., et al. (2003). (Flavonoids from ''Andrographis viscosula''. ) ''Chem Farm Bull'' 51(12) 1374-76.〕〔 to 44.〔Parixit, B., et al. (2012). (The genus ''Andrographis'': A review. ) ''International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'' 4(2) 1835-56.〕
Species include:〔
*''Andrographis affinis''
*''Andrographis alata''
*''Andrographis atropurpurea''
*''Andrographis beddomei''
*''Andrographis ceylanica''
*''Andrographis elongata''
*''Andrographis explicata''
*''Andrographis glandulosa''
*''Andrographis gracilis''
*''Andrographis humifusa''
*''Andrographis lawsonii''
*''Andrographis laxiflora''
*''Andrographis lobelioides''
*''Andrographis macrobotrys''
*''Andrographis neesiana''
*''Andrographis orbiculata''
*''Andrographis ovata''
*''Andrographis paniculata'' - king-of-bitters, ''kalmegh'', ''maha-tita'', ''bhui-neem''
*''Andrographis producta''
*''Andrographis rothii''
*''Andrographis rotundifolia''
*''Andrographis sinensis''
*''Andrographis stellulata''
*''Andrographis tenera''
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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