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Angústias is one of the three civil parish that comprise the urban area of the city of Horta, on the island of Faial in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. This is an economically active, densely populated area. The population in 2011 was 2,418,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 3.79 km².〔(Eurostat )〕 Due to its commercial nature, the parish is one of the island's primary destinations for tourism, due to the concentration of historical sights and shopping. == History == The first recorded reference to settlers in the area of Angústias referred to the (ポルトガル語:Vila de Orta) (in 1532). Since 1468, the island and parish had been under the administration of Josse van Huerter, a Flemish leader during the early colonization of the island of Faial. The settlement and growth of the village of Orta (later Horta) was concentrated in two nuclei: an interior settlement in the valley of Flamengos and the southwestern religious parish of ''Nossa Senhora das Angústias'' ((英語:Our Lady of Anguish)).〔In 1498, Horta was elevated to the status of ''vila'' (analogous to ''town''), but consistent growth between Monte da Guia and Esplamaca allowed the community's elevation to the status of city, by 1833.〕 Several smaller agglomerations developed within the area of Angústias. Porto Pim, a sheltered bay between ''Monte Escuro'' and ''Monte da Guia'', became a natural refuge for the first colonists, where they could easily load and unload cargo and supplies. Along the southern coast, the area of Pasteleiro, became the site of the first commercial businesses associated with the pastel or woad industry (first started by van Huerter). On the western edge of Horta Bay, the first homes were constructed, around the small chapel of Santa Cruz (where Josse van Huerter and his wife, Beatriz de Macedo, were buried).〔In her testament, Beatriz (who died in 1531) made a provision for the reconstruction of a Church of Santa Cruz on the same site (which had since been destroyed).〕 In 1567, the Fort of Santa Cruz was built for the defense of the island. Unfortunately, these fortifications, the convents and many of the churches, were sacked by English privateers in 1589 and 1597, and the buildings burned to the ground. By the beginning of the 17th century, several new military/defensive structures were built in order to protect the growing community, including the Military Doors of Porto Pim ((ポルトガル語:Portões Miltares do Porto Pim)), the Fort of São Sebastião ((ポルトガル語:Forte de São Sebastião)), the Fort of Greta ((ポルトガル語:Forte de Greta)), and the Fort of Nossa Senhora da Guia ((ポルトガル語:Forte de Nossa Senhora da Guia)). The Chapel of Santa Bárbara ((ポルトガル語:Ermida de Santa Bárbara)) was later constructed in Angústias by the Flemish nobleman Pero Pasteleiro and his wife Madelana da Rosa.〔It too was destroyed by an earthquake in 1850, but reconstructed later at the cost of several workers.〕 Originally completed in 1522, through the initiative of Friar Pedro da Atouguia, the Convent of São Francisco ((ポルトガル語:Convento de São Francisco)) was originally built on a site called ''Pedras dos Frades'' (along the coastal boulevard where a compass rose was constructed in the 20th Century). It was sacked and set ablaze in 1597 by English privateers, later destroyed during a storm, after being re-constructed in 1609. A third convent and church was re-constructed in 1696 on higher ground and farther away from the coast. On November 12, 1700 it was reconsecrated as the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary ((ポルトガル語:Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Rosário)). Its principal benefactor, Simão Liuz Carolo, was moved from Angra do Heroísmo to a mausoleum in the main chapel on the 4 November 1700. With the end of the religious orders in 1835, the convent was donated to the ''Santa Casa da Misericórdia'', which installed its hospital and ''Asilo de Mendicidade''. On 4 May 1899, a violent fire completely destroyed the convent: the Church survived. The civil parish of Nossa Senhora das Angústias was formed on 28 November 1684. Frair Lourenço, Bishop of Angra, on 30 August 1675, finally initiated the construction of a church in the name of Santa Cruz. In 1688, after a visit of Bishop Clemente Vieria, the parish received 572$000 réis for the construction. It would eventually be constructed in 1800 and receive the name Church of Nossa Senhora das Angústias: its bell-towers were finished in 1861. Between 1839 and 1969, due to the developments in the telegraph industries, Horta (and Angústias in particular) was the central node in the trans-Atlantic submarine cable network. The basing of English, American and German telegraph companies in Angústias resulted in urban and social growth. Many of the buildings constructed during this period have become integral to the landscape of the parish, including the Hotel Faial, the homes and businesses of the Dabney family, the ''Colonia Alemã'' and several of the original buildings constructed to house the telegraph equipment. By October 20, 1876 the commercial port was constructed; it became an important trans-Atlantic point, as an Allied port during both World Wars, a stopover for hydroplanes crossing the Atlantic and way-point for Dutch Atlantic tugboats. In the early years, the dock came to supplement, then supplant, the harbor of Porto Pim for whaling vessels involved in the North Atlantic whale hunt. A new marina was eventually inaugurated (June 3, 1986) to handle the annual growth in yachts and pleasure craft to the region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Angústias」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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