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Anisakis
''Anisakis'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes, which have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals.〔Berger SA, Marr JS. Human Parasitic Diseases Sourcebook. Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, Massachusetts, 2006.〕 They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may subsequently have an allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, after eating fish that have been infected with ''Anisakis'' species.
==Life cycle==
''Anisakis'' species have complex life cycles which pass through a number of hosts through the course of their lives. Eggs hatch in seawater, and larvae are eaten by crustaceans, usually euphausids. The infected crustacean is subsequently eaten by a fish or squid, and the nematode burrows into the wall of the gut and encysts in a protective coat, usually on the outside of the visceral organs, but occasionally in the muscle or beneath the skin. The life cycle is completed when an infected fish is eaten by a marine mammal, such as a whale, seal, or dolphin. The nematode excysts in the intestine, feeds, grows, mates and releases eggs into the seawater in the host's feces. As the gut of a marine mammal is functionally very similar to that of a human, ''Anisakis'' species are able to infect humans who eat raw or undercooked fish.
The known diversity of the genus has increased greatly over the past 20 years, with the advent of modern genetic techniques in species identification.〔 〕 Each final host species was discovered to have its own biochemically and genetically identifiable "sibling species" of ''Anisakis'', which is reproductively isolated. This finding has allowed the proportion of different sibling species in a fish to be used as an indicator of population identity in fish stocks.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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