|
Anishinaabe (or Anishinaabeg, which is the plural form of the word) is the autonym often used by the Odawa, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, and Algonquin indigenous peoples (usually called aboriginal peoples in Canada or "First Nations") and their subsidiary First Nations in Ontario. They all speak closely related ''Anishinaabemowin''-Anishinaabe languages, of the Algonquian language family. Counting persons claiming Metis ancestry, some estimates claim "probably 600,000 to over 700,000 Anishinaabe people" alive today in Canada and the United States.〔()〕 The shared lifeways of all these Nations around the Great Lakes are well documented and share similarities.〔().〕 The meaning of the word ''Anishinaabeg'' as described from speakers is "people from whence lowered". Another definition – possibly reflecting a traditionalist's viewpoint with a certain moral dimension – refers to "the good humans", or good people, meaning those who are on the right road or path given to them by the Creator or ''Gichi-Manidoo'' (Great Spirit). The Ojibwe scholar, linguist and author Basil Johnston, who explains the name in a creationist context, states that its literal translation is "Beings Made Out of Nothing", or "Spontaneous Beings", since they had been created by divine breath and were made up of flesh and blood and a soul or spirit – instead of rock, or fire, or water, or wind.〔Johnston, Basil. (1990). ''Ojibway Heritage'', p. 15. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.〕 Not all ''Anishinaabemowin'' speakers, however, call themselves Anishinaabeg. The Ojibwe people who moved to what are now the prairie provinces of Canada call themselves ''Nakawē(-k)'' and call their branch of the Anishinaabe language ''Nakawēmowin''. (The French ethnonym for the group was the ''Saulteaux''). Particular Anishinaabeg groups have different names from region to region. ==Name== Anishinaabe has many different spellings, depending on the transcription scheme and also on whether the name is singular or plural. Therefore, different spelling systems may indicate vowel length or spell certain consonants differently (''Anishinabe'', ''Anicinape''); meanwhile, variants ending in -''eg/ek'' (''Anishinaabeg'', ''Anishinabek'') come from an Algonquian plural, while those ending in an -''e'' come from an Algonquian singular. The name ''Anishinaabe'' is realised as ''Nishnaabe'' in some parts of North America, most prominently among the Odawa. The cognate ''Neshnabé'' comes from the Potawatomi, a people long allied with the Odawa and Ojibwe in the Council of Three Fires. Identified as ''Anishinaabe'', but not part of the Council of Three Fires, are the ''Nipissing'', ''Mississaugas'' and ''Algonquin''. Closely related to the Ojibwe and speaking a language mutually intelligible with ''Anishinaabemowin'' (Anishinaabe language) are the ''Oji-Cree'' (also known as "Severn Ojibwe"). Their most common autonym is ''Anishinini'' (plural: ''Anishininiwag'') and they call their language ''Anishininiimowin''. Among the Anishinaabeg, the Ojibwe collectively call the Nipissings and the Algonquins ''Odishkwaagamii'' (those who are at the end of the lake),〔Baraga, Frederic. (1878). ''A Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language, explained in English''. Montréal: Beauchemin & Valois.〕 while those among the Nipissings who identify themselves as Algonquins call the Algonquins proper ''Omàmiwinini'' (those who are downstream).〔Cuoq, Jean André. (1886). ''Lexique de la Langue Algonquine''. Montréal: J. Chapleau & Fils.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anishinaabe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|