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Anne Brontë (, ''commonly'' ;〔As given by ''Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature'' (Merriam-Webster, incorporated, Publishers: Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995), p viii: "When our research shows that an author's pronunciation of his or her name differs from common usage, the author's pronunciation is listed first, and the descriptor ''commonly'' precedes the more familiar pronunciation." See also entries on Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë, pp 175–176.〕 17 January 1820 – 28 May 1849) was an English novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family. The daughter of Patrick Brontë, a poor Irish clergyman in the Church of England, Anne Brontë lived most of her life with her family at the parish of Haworth on the Yorkshire moors. She also attended a boarding school in Mirfield between 1836 and 1837. At 19 she left Haworth and worked as a governess between 1839 and 1845. After leaving her teaching position, she fulfilled her literary ambitions. She published a volume of poetry with her sisters (''Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell'', 1846) and two novels. ''Agnes Grey'', based upon her experiences as a governess, was published in 1847. Her second and last novel, ''The Tenant of Wildfell Hall'', which is considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848. Like her poems, both her novels were first published under the masculine penname of Acton Bell. Anne's life was cut short when she died of pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 29. Partly because the re-publication of ''The Tenant of Wildfell Hall'' was prevented by Charlotte Brontë after Anne's death, she is not as well known as her sisters. Charlotte wrote four novels including ''Jane Eyre'' and Emily wrote ''Wuthering Heights''.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Ann Brontë Remembered in Scarborough )〕 However, her novels, like those of her sisters, have become classics of English literature. ==Family background== Anne's father, Patrick Brontë (1777–1861), was born in a two-room cottage in Emdale, Loughbrickland, County Down, Ireland.〔Fraser, ''The Brontës'', p. 4〕 〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 3〕 He was the oldest of ten children born to Hugh Brunty and Eleanor McCrory, poor Irish peasant farmers.〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 2〕 The family surname ''mac Aedh Ó Proinntigh'' was Anglicised as Prunty or Brunty. Struggling against poverty, Patrick learned to read and write and from 1798 taught others. In 1802, at 25, he won a place to study theology at St. John's College, Cambridge where he changed his name, Brunty, to the more distinguished sounding Brontë. In 1807 he was ordained in the priesthood in the Church of England.〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 14〕 He served as a curate first in Essex and latterly in Wellington, Shropshire. In 1810, he published his first poem ''Winter Evening Thoughts'' in a local newspaper,〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 41〕 followed in 1811 by a collection of moral verse, ''Cottage Poems''.〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 43〕 In 1811, he became vicar of St. Peter's Church in Hartshead in Yorkshire.〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 36〕 The following year he was appointed an examiner in Classics at Woodhouse Grove School, near Bradford a Wesleyan academy where, aged 35, he met his future wife, Maria Branwell, the headmaster's niece. Anne's mother, Maria Branwell (1783–1821), was the daughter of Thomas Branwell, a successful, property-owning grocer and tea merchant in Penzance and Anne Carne, the daughter of a silversmith.〔Fraser, ''The Brontës'', pp. 12–13〕 The eleventh of twelve children, Maria enjoyed the benefits of belonging to a prosperous family in a small town. After the death of her parents within a year of each other, Maria went to help her aunt administer the housekeeping functions of the school. A tiny, neat woman aged 30, she was well read and intelligent.〔Fraser, ''The Brontës'', p. 15〕 Her strong Methodist faith attracted Patrick Brontë 〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 48〕 because his own leanings were similar. Though from considerably different backgrounds, within three months Patrick Brontë and Maria Branwell were married on 29 December 1812.〔Fraser, ''The Brontës'', p. 16〕 Their first child, Maria (1814–1825), was born after they moved to Hartshead. In 1815, Patrick was appointed curate of the chapel in Thornton, near Bradford; a second daughter, Elizabeth (1815–1825), was born shortly after.〔Barker, ''The Brontës'', p. 61〕 Four more children followed: Charlotte, (1816–1855), Patrick Branwell (1817–1848), Emily, (1818–1848) and Anne (1820–1849). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anne Brontë」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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