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|Section2= |Section3= }} Antheraxanthin (from ''ánthos'', Greek for "flower" and ''xanthos'', Greek for "yellow") is a bright yellow accessory pigment found in many organisms that perform photosynthesis. It is a xanthophyll cycle pigment, an oil-soluble alcohol within the xanthophyll subgroup of carotenoids. Antheraxanthin is both a component in and product of the cellular photoprotection mechanisms in photosynthetic green algae, red algae, euglenoids, and plants.〔Duan S, and Bianchi T, 2006. Seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of plant pigments in particulate organic carbon in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers. Estuaries and Coasts 29, 427-442〕〔Sandman, G. 2009. Evolution of carotene desaturation: the complication of a simple pathway. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 483, 169–174〕 == In the xanthophyll cycle == Antheraxanthin is an intermediate molecule of the xanthophyll cycle in most photosynthetic eukaryotes, namely plants, and some bacteria. In the xanthophyll cycle, specific carotenoid pigments are transformed via enzymatic reactions into either more or less photoprotective biological pigments.〔Yamamoto HY, 1979. Biochemistry of the violaxanthin cycle in higher plants. ''Pure Applied Chemistry'' 51, 639–648〕 A plant can increase its capacity for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and excess heat dissipation by converting the orange pigment violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and then to light-yellow pigment zeaxanthin.〔Adir N, Zer H, Shochat S, & Ohad I. 2003. Photoinhibition—a historical perspective. ''Photosynthesis Research'' 76, 343–370〕 The xanthophyll pool, or total xanthophyll cycle pigment levels are sometimes abbreviated as “VAZ” in scientific literature.〔Krause GH & Weis E, 1991. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. ''Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology'' 42, 313–349〕 “VAZ” is an abbreviation of the cycle’s main pigments in order of lowest to highest photoprotection each pigment provides. Antheraxanthin is denoted by the “A” in the middle, between violaxanthin (V) and zeaxanthin (Z).〔Kováč D, et al 2013. Response of green reflectance continuum removal index to the xanthophyll de-epoxidation cycle in Norway spruce needles. ''Journal of Experimental Botany'' 64, 1817-1827〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antheraxanthin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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