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''Anthoceros'' is a genus of hornworts in the family Anthocerotaceae. The genus is global in its distribution. Its name means 'flower horn', and refers to the characteristic horn-shaped sporophytes that all hornworts produce. The dark color of the spores is the easiest way to distinguish ''Anthoceros'' from the related genus ''Phaeoceros'', which produces spores that are yellow as noted by Campbell (1939). The genus is distinguished by having spores that are dark brown to black, a relatively frilly thallus when compared to ''Phaeoceros'', and larger and more internal cavities than ''Phaeoceros''. The sporophytes of ''Anthoceros'' are larger and much more complex than those of ''Riccia'', ''Marchantia'', and ''Pellia''. It is differentiated into a foot, a constriction like intermediate zone and a capsule. There is no seta. It arises in clusters from the dorsal surface of the thallus each surrounded at the base a tubular involucre. ''Anthoceros'' species are host to species of ''Nostoc'', a symbiotic relationship in which ''Nostoc'' provides nitrogen to its host through cells known as heterocysts, and which are able to carry out photosynthesis.〔Enderlin, C. S. and J. C. Meeks. (1983). (Pure culture and reconstitution of the ''Anthoceros''-''Nostoc'' symbiotic association. ) ''Planta'' 158(2) 157-65.〕 This hornwort grows in moist clay soils on hills, in ditches, and in damp hollows among rocks. The adult plant body is a gametophyte. The ''Nostoc'' colonies are present on the lower ventral surface and are visible as blue-green patches which open outwards by slime pores. The thallus is translucent and sub-orbicular in outline. ==Species== Species include:〔Ibarra-Morales, A., M. E. Muñíz, and S. Valencia. (2015). (The genus ''Anthoceros'' (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in Central Mexico. ) ''Phytotaxa'' (), v. 205, n. 4, p. 215–28.〕 * ''Anthoceros agrestis'' * ''Anthoceros himalayensis'' *''Anthoceros hispidus'' *''Anthoceros lamellatus'' * ''Anthoceros neesii'' *''Anthoceros punctatus'' *''Anthoceros sambesianus'' *''Anthoceros scariosus'' *''Anthoceros tristanianus'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anthoceros」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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