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Anti-Americanism, Americanophobia〔, "Anti-Americanism and Americanophobia: A French Perspectives." (2005).〕 or anti-American sentiment, is dislike, fear or hostility toward the United States or the American people and their culture, business practices and technology, or the policies of their government, especially the foreign policy practices of the United States. Common contemporary negative stereotypes of Americans include the assertions that Americans are: aggressive, arrogant, ignorant, overweight, poorly dressed, obsessed with making money, too moralistic and also too materialistic, too involved in global affairs, and generally obnoxious.〔William Russell Melton. ''The new American expat: thriving and surviving overseas in the post-9/11 world''. (Intercultural Press 2005. p. XIX.)〕 Political scientist Brendon O'Connor of the United States Studies Centre suggests that anti-Americanism cannot be isolated as a consistent phenomenon and that the term originated as a rough composite of stereotypes, prejudices and criticisms toward Americans or the United States, evolving to more politically based criticism. French scholar Marie-France Toinet says use of the term "is only fully justified if it implies systematic opposition – a sort of allergic reaction – to America as a whole".〔O'Connor, Brendan: ("A Brief History of Anti-Americanism from Cultural Criticism to Terrorism" ), ''Australasian Journal of American Studies'', 23(1), July 2004, pp. 77–92〕 Discussions on anti-Americanism have in most cases lacked a precise definition of what the sentiment entails (other than a general disfavor), which has led to the term being used broadly and in an impressionistic manner, resulting in the inexact impressions of the many expressions described as anti-American.〔O'Connor, Brendan, p 89.〕 ==Etymology== In the online Oxford Dictionary the term "anti-American" is defined as "hostile to the interests of the United States". In the first edition of Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language (1828) the term "anti-American" was defined as "opposed to America, or to the true interests or government of the United States; opposed to the revolution in America".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The ARTFL Project – Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913+1828) )〕 In France the use of the noun form 'antiaméricanisme' has been catalogued from 1948,〔Le Petit Robert ISBN 2-85036-668-4〕 entering ordinary political language in the 1950s.〔Roger, Phillipe. ''The American Enemy: The History of French Anti-Americanism,'' (introductory excerpt ), University of Chicago Press, 2005.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-Americanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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