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The Anti-Nazi League (ANL) was an organisation set up in 1977 on the initiative of the Socialist Workers Party with sponsorship from some trade unions and the endorsement of a list of prominent people to oppose the rise of far-right groups in the United Kingdom. It was wound down in 1981. It was relaunched in 1992, but merged into Unite Against Fascism in 2003. ==1977–1982== The initial sponsors included Peter Hain (a former Young Liberal leader; then the communications officer of the postal workers' union UCW), Ernie Roberts (deputy general secretary of the engineering union AUEW) and Paul Holborow of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). In its first period, 1977–1982, the Anti-Nazi League was launched directly by the SWP; it was effectively its front organisation.〔David Boothroyd ''The History of British Political Parties'', London: Politicos, 2001, p.303〕 Many trade unions sponsored it, as did the Indian Workers Association (then a large organisation), and many members of the Labour Party, including MPs such as Neil Kinnock. According to socialist historian Dave Renton, the ANL was "an orthodox united front" based on a "strategy of working class unity", as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Critics of the ANL, such as Anti-Fascist Action〔''Fighting Talk'' no.22 October 1999〕 argue that the ANL's co-operation with "bourgeois" groups who work closely with the state, such as ''Searchlight'' magazine and the Labour Party, rule out this description, making it a classic popular front. Most of the ANL's leafleting and other campaigns in the 1970s were in opposition to far right groups which it claimed were not just racist but fascist, such as the National Front, an organisation led by John Tyndall who had a long history of involvement with openly fascist and Nazi groups. The ANL also campaigned against the British Movement which was a more openly Hitlerite grouping. The ANL was linked to Rock Against Racism in the 1970s, which ran two giant carnivals in 1978 involving bands such as The Clash, Stiff Little Fingers, Steel Pulse, Misty in Roots, X-Ray Spex and Tom Robinson, attended by 80,000 and then 100,000 supporters. Alongside the broad "marches and music festival" focus of the ANL, in 1977 the SWP also formed regional fighting groups, initially in Manchester and then elsewhere, known as "squads" to both safeguard the ANL's broad, populist activities, though aggressive stewarding, and also to fight the National Front street gangs whenever the opportunity arose.〔Steve Tilzey and Dave Hann ''No Retreat'' 2003〕 Although the SWP leadership eventually turned against this "dual track" approach to anti-fascism – expelling many leading "squadists" in a purge in late 1981 – it proved a very effective strategy during the heyday of the ANL from 1977 to 1979.〔Steve Tilzey and Dave Hann ''No Retreat'' London: Milo Books, 2003; Sean Birchall ''Beating the Fascists' London: Freedom Press, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-Nazi League」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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