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Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in the blood. With the exceptions of insulin, exenatide, liraglutide and pramlintide, all are administered orally and are thus also called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents. There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs, and their selection depends on the nature of the diabetes, age and situation of the person, as well as other factors. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a disease caused by the lack of insulin. Insulin must be used in Type I, which must be injected. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease of insulin resistance by cells. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes. Treatments include (1) agents that increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, (2) agents that increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, and (3) agents that decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Several groups of drugs, mostly given by mouth, are effective in Type II, often in combination. The therapeutic combination in Type II may include insulin, not necessarily because oral agents have failed completely, but in search of a desired combination of effects. The great advantage of injected insulin in Type II is that a well-educated patient can adjust the dose, or even take additional doses, when blood glucose levels measured by the patient, usually with a simple meter, as needed by the measured amount of sugar in the blood. ==Insulin== (詳細はsubcutaneously, either by injections or by an insulin pump. Research of other routes of administration is underway. In acute-care settings, insulin may also be given intravenously. In general, there are three types of insulin, characterized by the rate which they are metabolized by the body. They are rapid acting insulins, intermediate acting insulins and long acting insulins.〔Diabetes Mellitus, Alvin C. Powers in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition, Chapter 345, ISBN 978-0071748896〕 Examples of rapid acting insulins include * Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) * Insulin lispro (Humalog) * Insulin aspart (Novolog) * Insulin glulisine (Apidra) * Prompt insulin zinc (Semilente, Slightly slower acting) Examples of intermediate acting insulins include * Isophane insulin, neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) (Humulin N, Novolin N) * Insulin zinc (Lente) Examples of long acting insulins include * Extended insulin zinc insulin (Ultralente) * Insulin glargine (Lantus) * Insulin detemir (Levemir) Most anti-diabetic agents are contraindicated in pregnancy, in which insulin is preferred.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-diabetic medication」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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