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Antrozoini is a tribe of bats in the subfamily Vespertilioninae of the family Vespertilionidae. It includes at least the pallid bat (''Antrozous pallidus''), Van Gelder's bat (''Bauerus dubiaquercus''), and the fossil ''Anzanycteris''; some classifications also include the genera ''Rhogeessa'' and ''Baeodon''. ==Taxonomy== The pallid bat (''Antrozous pallidus'') was first described in 1856 and first placed in its own genus, ''Antrozous'', in 1862.〔 Several suggestions were made early on about its relationships, including that of Wilhelm Peters in 1865, who placed it in the family Vespertilionidae and considered it to be related to the Australian ''Nyctophilus''. Others suggested a relationship with the vespertilionid genus ''Plecotus'' or the Phyllostomidae.〔 In 1897, Gerrit S. Miller described a subfamily Antrozoinae for the pallid bat,〔Miller, 1897, p. 41〕 but ten years later chose to place ''Nyctophilus'' and ''Antrozous'' together in a subfamily Nyctophilinae.〔Miller, 1907, pp. 234–235〕 Van Gelder's bat was described in 1959 as ''Antrozous (Bauerus) dubiaquercus''; subsequently, the species has been placed in its own genus, ''Bauerus'', while others have retained it in ''Antrozous'' with its close relative, the pallid bat, with the current consensus being toward placing them in separate genera.〔Simmons, 2005, pp. 498–499〕 In 1970, Karl F. Koopman and J. Knox Jones recognized a tribe Antrozoini (comprising only ''Antrozous'' and ''Bauerus''), which they still placed within Nyctophilinae. In a separate 1970 paper, however, Koopman questioned the affinities between the North American antrozoines and the Australasian ''Nyctophilus'' on the basis of biogeography.〔Roehrs et al., 2010, p. 1081〕 The next year, Ronald Pine and colleagues further questioned this relationship on the basis of baculum (penis bone) characters, although they cautioned that more penes of ''Bauerus'' needed to be studied.〔Pine et al., 1971, p. 668〕 Since then, Antrozoini has generally been considered a valid tribe in the subfamily Vespertilioninae, which includes most members of Vespertilionidae.〔 In 1998, Nancy B. Simmons argued that Antrozoini was not, in fact, closely related to other Vespertilioninae and instead placed the two species in their own family, Antrozoidae, which she considered closer to the Molossidae, another family of bats.〔 However, this hypothesis was later refuted by DNA sequence data, which indicated that the Antrozoini nested within Vespertilioninae.〔Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, 2001, fig. 1; 2003, p. 28〕 Therefore, Simmons placed the two species in Vespertilionidae in the 2005 third edition of ''Mammal Species of the World'', but she kept them as a subfamily separate from Vespertilioninae, called Antrozoinae, because of continued phylogenetic uncertainty.〔Simmons, 2005, p. 498〕 However all DNA studies place antrozoines in Vespertilioninae, and this led Steven Hoofer and Ronald Van Den Bussche (2003) as well as Zachary Roehrs and colleagues (2010) to classify them as a tribe, Antrozoini, within that subfamily.〔Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, 2003, table 6; Roehrs et al., 2010, p. 1081, fig. 4〕 Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, who used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences in their study, also expanded Antrozoini to include the American genera ''Rhogeessa'' and ''Baeodon'' (which are often combined as ''Rhogeessa''). These genera were previously placed in the tribe Nycticeiini and considered to be related to the Old World genus ''Otonycteris''.〔Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, 2003, p. 28〕 In their 2010 paper, Roehrs and colleagues again found that mtDNA sequences supported a relationship between ''Antrozous'', ''Bauerus'', ''Rhogeessa'', and ''Baeodon'', but what limited nuclear DNA data for ''Baeodon'' they had suggested that the genus may be more closely related to ''Lasiurus''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antrozoini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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