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The Anurognathidae were a group of small pterosaurs, with short tails or tailless, that lived in Europe, Asia, and possibly North America during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods. Four genera are known: ''Anurognathus'', from the Late Jurassic of Germany, ''Jeholopterus'', from the Middle to Late Jurassic of China, ''Dendrorhynchoides'', from the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of China, and ''Batrachognathus'', from the Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan. Bennett (2007) claimed that the holotype of ''Mesadactylus'', BYU 2024, a synsacrum, belonged to an anurognathid.〔Bennett, S. C. (2007). "Reassessment of ''Utahdactylus'' from the Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 27(1): 257–260〕 ''Mesadactylus'' is from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the USA. Indeterminate anurognathid remains have also been reported from the Middle Jurassic Bakhar Svita of Mongolia.〔Unwin, D. M. & Bakhurina, N. N. (2000): Pterosaurs from Russia, Middle Asia and Mongolia. – In: M. J. Benton, M. A. Shishkin, D. M. Unwin & E. N. Kurochin (Eds), The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia; Cambridge (Cambridge University Press), 420–433.〕〔Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.()〕 ==Classification== A family Anurognathidae was named in 1928 by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás (as the subfamily Anurognathinae) with ''Anurognathus'' as the type genus. The family name Anurognathidae was first used by Oskar Kuhn in 1967. Both Alexander Kellner and David Unwin in 2003 defined the group as a node clade: the last common ancestor of ''Anurognathus'' and ''Batrachognathus'' and all its descendants. The phylogeny of the Anurognathidae is uncertain. Some analyses, as those of Kellner, place them very basal in the pterosaur tree. However, they do have some characteristics in common with the derived Pterodactyloidea, such as the short and fused tail bones. In 2010 an analysis by Brian Andres indicated the Anurognathidae and the Pterodactyloidea were sister taxa. This conforms better to the fossil record because no early anurognathids are known and would require a ghost lineage of over sixty million years.〔Brian Andres; James M. Clark & Xu Xing (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs", ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'', Volume 30, Issue 1 January 2010 , pages 163 - 187〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anurognathidae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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