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Aparigraha is the concept of non-possessiveness, non-grasping or non-greediness.〔Arti Dhand (2002), The dharma of ethics, the ethics of dharma: Quizzing the ideals of Hinduism, Journal of Religious Ethics, 30(3), pages 347-372〕 It is one of the virtues in Hinduism and Jainism. Aparigrah is the opposite of ''parigrah'', and refers to keeping the desire for possessions to what is necessary or important, depending on one's life stage and context. The precept of ''Aparigraha'' is a self-restraint (temperance) from the type of greed and avarice where one's own material gain or happiness comes by hurting, killing or destroying other human beings, life forms or nature.〔Sharon Lauricella (2013), Judging by the way animals are treated: Gandhi as a manifestation of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, Gandhi Marg Quarterly, 35(4): 655–674〕 Aparigraha is a concept that is related to and in part a motivator of Dāna (proper charity), both from giver's and receiver's perspective.〔SC Jain (2012), Spiritual Guidance in Achieving and Sustaining Organizational Excellence, Purushartha: A Journal of Management Ethics and Spirituality, 4(2): 1-16〕〔N Kazanas (2013), Vedic Tradition and Civilization, in On India: Self-Image and Counter-image (Editor: AN Balslev), SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-8132110927, pages 27-41〕 ==Etymology and meaning== Aparigraha is a combination word in Sanskrit, fused from "''a''" and "''parigrah''". "''A''" as prefix means "non-" in Sanskrit, and aparigrah is thus the opposite of parigrah. The word ''Parigrah'' means ‘to amass’, ‘to crave’, ‘to seek’, ‘to seize’, and ‘to receive or accept’ material possessions or gifts from others.〔 The word includes in its scope outer worldly possessions as well as inner attachment to material rewards, rather than doing the right thing or good because it is the right thing or good. Parigraha thus includes the results as well as the intent, in other words the possessions as well as the craving, a sense of possessiveness and hoarding.〔K Jain, Indologica Taurinensia, Vol. 30, Issue 11, pages 139-146〕 ''Aparigraha'' is the opposite state of existence in thought, words and deeds than ''parigraha''. The virtue of aparigraha means taking what is truly necessary and no more. In Yoga school of Hinduism, this concept of virtue has also been translated as "abstaining from accepting gifts",〔(The Yoga Sutras of Pantanjali ) Verse 2.30〕 "not expecting, asking or accepting inappropriate gifts from any person", and "not applying for gifts which are not to be accepted".〔(The yoga system of Patanjali ) James Wood (Translator), Harvard University Press, pages 178-182〕 The concept includes in its scope non-covetousness,〔Kumar, Mathur et al (2010), New Horizons in Indian Management, ISBN 978-8178357119, page 280〕 and non-possessiveness. Taylor states, aparigraha includes the psychological state of "letting go and the releasing of control, transgressions, fears" and living a content life unfettered by anxieties.〔Jennifer Taylor (2008), End-of-Life Yoga Therapy: Exploring Life and Death, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF YOGA THERAPY, No. 18, pages 97-103〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aparigraha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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