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''Aphthona'' is a genus of beetle, in the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae, native to Europe and Asia. More specifically, ''Aphthona'' are flea beetles, meaning they have enlarged hind legs for jumping away from potential danger. There are 135 species known from the Palaearctic region.〔Gruev, B. and Döberl, M. 1997. General Distribution of the Flea Beetles in the Palaearctic Subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Scopolia 37: 1–496.〕 This flea beetle genus is important because of the usefulness of some species in controlling leafy spurge, a major invasive weed in parts of western North America. Several ''Aphthona'' species have been taken from Europe and introduced into localized areas of the United States and Canada, and some success against the weed is being seen.〔Hodur, N.M., Leistritz, F.L., Bangsund, D.A., 2006. Biological control of leafy spurge: utilization and implementation. Range land Ecology & Management 59, 445–452.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 author = Diane L. Larson, James B. Grace, Jennifer L. Larson )〕 The six species used for this purpose include ''A. abdominalis'', ''A. cyparissiae'', ''A. czwalinae'', ''A. flava'', ''A. nigriscutis'', and ''A. lacerosa'', though ''A. abdominalis'' apparently never established a viable population and was never introduced in Canada.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 author = R. Roehrdanz , D. Olson, G. Fauske, R. Bourchier, A. Cortilet, S. Sears )〕〔Bourchier, R.S., Erb, S., McClay, A.S., Gassmann, A., 2002. Euphorbia esula (L.) leafy spurge and Euphorbia cyparissias (L.) cypress spurge (Euphorbiaceae). In: Mason, P., Huber, J. (Eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insect and Weeds in Canada 1981–2000. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK, pp. 346–358.〕 ==Effectiveness of Control== Control is generally thought to be effective, but results vary from site to site, which has been attributed to soilborn pathogens, phenology of spring, soil texture, and leafy spurge density. Control is less effective in sandy soils.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Integrated Leafy Spurge (''Euphorbia esula'') Control Using Imazapic, Aphthona spp. Biological Control Agents, and Seeded Native Grasses )〕 Control may not be reliably observed and measured for 10 years or more. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aphthona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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