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Apistogramma
''Apistogramma'' is a genus of approximately a hundred species of fish from the family Cichlidae. They are found east of the Andes in tropical and subtropical South America, ranging as far south as northern Argentina. The greatest species richness is in the Amazon Basin. ''Apistogramma'' literally means "irregular lateral line" referring to a common trait of the species under this taxon. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, with males generally larger (up to 7 to 9 cm) and differently coloured to females. But in a few species this pattern is reverse. All ''Apistogramma'' species are micropredators. Their main prey items consist of fry of other fish, insect larvae and other invertebrates. ''Apistogramma'' species are popular aquarium residents, particularly in community or planted aquariums.
==Breeding==
Brood care is highly developed, as in most Cichlidae. Nearly all ''Apistogramma'' species spawn in caves, typically under rocks or in holes in sunken logs or branches. In the recently described species ''Apistogramma barlowi'' both females and (less frequent) males are mouthbrooding. A number of breeding strategies exist. Some species breed in polygamous harems, while other species form monogamous pairs. In most cases, regardless of the breeding strategy, the female is more highly involved with brood care, whilst the male defends a territory from predators. The sex of the fry is affected by the water conditions, with warmer and more acid water favoring more males.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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