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Apologeticus
''Apologeticus'' ((ラテン語:Apologeticum) or ''Apologeticus'')〔The early texts do not agree on the title (Bardenhewer).〕 is Tertullian's most famous work,〔Unlike the very scattered and imperfect manuscripts of Tertullian, "only the ''Apologeticum'' has come down in numerous codices, some of them quite ancient" (Bardenhewer).〕 consisting of apologetic and polemic; In this work Tertullian defends Christianity, demanding legal toleration and that Christians be treated as all other sects of the Roman Empire. It is in this treatise that one finds the phrase: "the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church" (''Apologeticus'', Chapter 50).〔A similar theme, but concerning Mexican Revolutionaries, is depicted in Diego Rivera's mural ''La sangre de los martires revolucionarios fertilizando la tierra'' ("The Blood of the Revolutionary Martyrs Fertilizing the Earth").〕
There is a similarity of content, if not of purpose, between this work and Tertullian's ''Ad nationes'' — published earlier in the same year — and it has been claimed that the latter is a finished draft of ''Apologeticus''. There arises also the question of similarity to Minucius Felix's dialogue ''Octavius''. Some paragraphs are shared by both texts: it is not known which predated the other.
Tertullian's brief ''De testimonio animae'' ("Concerning the Evidences of the Soul") is an appendix to the ''Apologeticus'', intended to illustrate the meaning of the phrase ''testimonium animae naturaliter christianae'' in chapter 17).
==Authorship==
Not much is known about the life of Quintus Septimus Florens Tertullian. Some scholars believe him to have been a presbyter (priest) of the Catholic Church, the son of a Roman centurion, and have him training to be a lawyer in Rome. Others, like David Wright, find that to be highly improbable. "No firm evidence places him in Rome at all, or for that matter anywhere outside of Carthage… It is in the well-educated circles in Carthage," Wright argues, "that Tertullian most securely belongs".〔Wright, p. 1027〕 Sometime after his conversion to the Christian faith, Tertullian left the Catholic Church in favor of the Montanist movement, which he remained a part of for at least 10–15 years of his active life〔Wright, p. 1029〕 and whose influence can be seen in many of his later works.
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