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Aktau
Aktau ((カザフ語:Ақтау), Qazaq Latin Script: ''Aqtaw'' - White Mountain) was known as Shevchenko ((ロシア語:Шевченко)) from 1964 to 1991. Its current name means "white mountain" in Kazakh, which may be due to its cliffs that overlook the Caspian. Its former name was given due to the eponymous Ukrainian poet's period of exile in the area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=About Kazakhstan )〕 It is the second largest city in western Kazakhstan and the country's main seaport on the Caspian Sea. It is located on the Mangyshlak Peninsula and is the capital of Mangystau Region. Population:
Aktau is known for its unique block address system. Almost all streets inside the city have no names, and addresses in Aktau generally consist of three numbers: the district number (also known as micro-region/micro-district/block), the building number, and the apartment number. This is because Aktau was originally planned as a camp for the workers of the oil industry.〔Ogni.kz. ''(Aktau: Years, people, memories... )''. October 13, 2011〕
==History==
The territory of what now is Aktau was once inhabited by ancient tribes of Scythians. Archeological finds in the area include old settlements and utensils. The current territory of Mangystau hosted a spur route of the northern silk road, which resulted in the founding of several Sufi shrines in Aktau's vicinity. However, the area had very little population prior to Soviet times and no cities of any relevancy, almost certainly due to the scarcity of fresh water.
In 1958, uranium prospectors settled the site of modern Aktau, naming the settlement Melovoye () after the bay on which it stood. After the development of the uranium deposits was started, the settlement was closed and renamed Guryev-20 ().〔 In 1963, its closed status was lifted, town status was granted, and the name was changed to Aktau.〔Pospelov, p. 25〕 However, in 1964 it was given yet another name, Shevchenko (), to honor the Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko who spent 1850–1857 in political exile in Novopetrovskoye, about to the northwest.〔 This Ukrainian name for the city may have been granted due to the large number of Ukrainian workers who settled in the city. Their descendants are easily identifiable to this day by surnames ending in '-enko'. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan gaining independence, the name Aktau was restored in 1991, but the city's airport still retains SCO as its IATA code.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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