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Arba'een
Arba'een ((アラビア語:الأربعين), "forty"), Chehelom ((ペルシア語:چهلم), (ウルドゥー語:چہلم), "the fortieth ()") or Qırxı, İmamın Qırxı ((アゼルバイジャン語:امامین قیرخی), "the fortieth of Imam") is a Shia Muslim religious observance that occurs forty days after the Day of Ashura. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, which falls on the 20th or 21st day of the month of Safar. Imam Husayn ibn Ali and 72 companions were killed by Yazid I's army in the Battle of Karbala in 61 AH (680 CE). Arba'een or forty days is also the usual length of mourning after the death of a family member or loved one in many Muslim traditions. Arba'een is one of the largest pilgrimage gatherings on Earth, in which up to 20 million people go to the city of Karbala in Iraq.
==Background==
The Arba'een pilgrimage has been observed since the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar (October 10, 680) after the Battle of Karbala or the following year.
According to tradition, the first such gathering took place when Jabir ibn Abd Allah, a salaf, made a pilgrimage to the burial site of Husayn. He was accompanied by Atiyya ibn Sa'd due to his infirmity and probable blindness. His visit coincided with that of the surviving female members of Muhammad's family and Husayn's son and heir, Imam Zain-ul-Abideen, who had all been held captive in Damascus by Yazid I, the Umayyad Caliph. Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin had survived the Battle of Karbala and led a secluded life in deep sorrow.It is said that for twenty years whenever water was placed before him, he would weep. One day a servant said to him, ‘O son of Allah’s Messenger! Is it not time for your sorrow to come to an end?’ He replied, ‘Woe upon you! Jacob the prophet had twelve sons, and Allah made one of them disappear. His eyes turned white from constant weeping, his head turned grey out of sorrow, and his back became bent in gloom, though his son was alive in this world. But I watched while my father, my brother, my uncle, and seventeen members of my family were slaughtered all around me. How should my sorrow come to an end?’
Arba'een's performance has been banned in some periods, the last of which was when Saddam Hussein, was president of Iraq. For nearly 30 years under Saddam's regime, it was forbidden to mark Arba'een publicly in Iraq. Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the observance in April 2003 was broadcast worldwide.〔Vali Nasr, ''The Shia Revival''. New York: Norton, 2006; pp 18–19.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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