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:''For other papers of similar title, see Arbeiter-Zeitung'' ''Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung'' or ''AIZ'' (in English, ''The Workers Pictorial Newspaper'') was a German illustrated magazine published between 1924 and March 1933 in Berlin, and afterward in Prague and finally Paris until 1938. Anti-Fascism and pro-Communism in stance, it was published by Willi Münzenberg and is best remembered for the propagandistic photomontages of John Heartfield. ==History of the ''AIZ''== The history of the ''AIZ'' began with a famine in the Soviet Union and Lenin's appeal of August 2, 1921 to the working class for assistance. As a support organization for this campaign, Workers International Relief (''Internationale Arbeiter-Hilfe'') was formed, based in Berlin and led by William (Willi) Münzenberg.〔Scammell 2005.〕 In the autumn of 1921 a monthly German magazine was created, ''Sowjet Russland im Bild'' (Soviet Russia in Pictures), with reports about the recently created Russian Soviet state, its achievements and problems, and about the IAH. In 1922 the first reports on the German proletariat appeared in its pages. At this time the monthly circulated about 10,000 copies. The paper grew rapidly during the 1920s as it expanded coverage and attracted prominent contributors like the artists George Grosz and Käthe Kollwitz, and playwrights Maxim Gorki and George Bernard Shaw. On November 30, 1924, the renamed ''AIZ'' appeared with a new format. In 1927 it began publishing on a biweekly schedule, and in 1928 it became a weekly.〔McMeekin 2003, p. 350.〕 It became the most widely read socialist pictorial newspaper in Germany. Circulation increased from 250,000 in 1927〔Kreinik 2008, p. 187.〕 to 350,000 in 1930.〔Weitz 2007, p. 211.〕 The magazine covered current events and published fiction and poetry, with such contributors as Anna Seghers, Erich Kästner and Kurt Tucholsky. Unlike other labor periodicals it also focused on women's issues and gender relations.〔On women in the AIZ see Hans Sonntag: "Die Proletarierin zwischen Fabrikarbeit, „zweiter Schicht“ und „Sex-Appeal“. Ausgewählte Aspekte zur Frauenfrage in der „Arbeiter-Illustrierten Zeitung“ 1926/27 bis 1933", in: ''Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung'', No. III/2009.〕 Münzenberg wanted the ''AIZ'' to connect the Communist Party of Germany to a broad educated readership. In November 1926 ''AIZ'' began publishing on a weekly schedule. According to a survey ''AIZ'' conducted in 1929, "42 percent of its readers were skilled workers, 33 percent unskilled workers, 10 percent white-collar workers, 5 percent youths, 3.5 percent housewives, 3 percent self-employed, 2 percent independent, and 1 percent civil servants."〔Lavin & Höch 1993, p. 55.〕 The photojournalism, often striking, was predominantly worker photography ("''Arbeiterphotographen''"), submitted by amateur photographers. Beginning in Hamburg in 1926, Münzenberg established what eventually became a network of Worker Photographer groups across Germany and the Soviet Union.〔Heller & Pomeroy 1997, p. 63.〕 In 1930 began the magazine's association with John Heartfield, whose photomontages savagely attacking both National Socialism and Weimar capitalism became a regular feature. The last issue published in Berlin was dated March 5, 1933; after the seizure of power by Hitler the ''AIZ'' went into exile in Prague.〔 In Prague, ''AIZ'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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