|
Germany is the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and fifth by GDP (PPP). The country is a founding member of the European Union and the Eurozone.〔Alfred Dupont CHANDLER， Takashi Hikino， Alfred D Chandler, (''Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism'' ) 1990〕 The socio-economic policy of Germany is based on the concept of the social market economy. In 2014, Germany recorded the highest trade surplus in the world worth $285 billion, making it the biggest capital exporter globally. Germany is the third largest exporter in the world with 1.13 trillion euros ($1.28 trillion) in goods and services exported in 2014.〔(German exports hit record high in 2014 ), Deutsche Welle, February 9, 2015〕〔(Statistisches Bundesamt: Key figures: Exports )〕〔(Statistisches Bundesamt: Ranking of Germany's trading partners in foreign trade: 2014 ), October 22, 2015〕 The service sector contributes around 70% of the total GDP, industry 29.1%, and agriculture 0.9%. Exports account for 41% of national output. The top 10 exports of Germany are vehicles, machineries, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipments, pharmaceuticals, transport equipments, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. Germany is rich in timber, iron ore, potash, salt, uranium, nickel, copper and natural gas. Energy in Germany is sourced predominantly by fossil fuels (50%), followed by nuclear power second, then gas, wind, biomass (wood and biofuels), hydro and solar. Germany is the first major industrialized nation to commit to the renewable energy transition called Energiewende. Germany is the leading producer of wind turbines in the world.〔(Wind Power ) Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany) Retrieved 30 November 2006.〕 Renewables now produce over 27% of electricity consumed in Germany. 99 percent of all German companies belong to the German "Mittelstand," small and medium-sized enterprises, which are mostly family-owned. Of the world's 2000 largest publicly listed companies measured by revenue, the Fortune Global 2000, 53 are headquartered in Germany, with the Top 10 being Volkswagen, Allianz, Daimler, BMW, Siemens, BASF, Munich Re, E.ON, Bayer, and RWE. Germany is the world's top location for trade fairs.〔()〕 Around two thirds of the world's leading trade fairs take place in Germany.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Trade fairs in Germany )〕 The largest annual international trade fairs and congresses are held in several German cities such as Hanover, Munich, Frankfurt and Berlin. Germany is the only country among the top five arms exporters that is not a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|