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Abbey
An abbey (from Latin ''abbatia,'' from Latin ''abbās'', derived from Aramaic ''abba,'' "father") is a Catholic or Anglican monastery or convent. Abbey's typically fall under the authority of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serve as the spiritual father or mother of the community.
The term can also refer to a former abbey (for example, Westminster Abbey).
==Origins==
The formation of monastic communities dates back to pre-Christian times, as witnessed by the Essenes. The earliest known Christian monasteries consisted of groups of huts built near the location of a famous ascetic or other holy person. As these communities of disciples grew, they attracted people who desired to study the ascetic's doctrine and imitate his or her way of life.
In the earliest age of Christian monasticism, the ascetics were accustomed to living alone. Ascetics would typically live near a village church, supporting themselves while also donating their excess food to the poor. Increasing religious fervor and persecution drove them farther and farther away from civilization into solitude. The deserts of Egypt hosted some of the "cells" or huts of these anchorites. Anthony the Great, who had retired to the Egyptian Thebaid during the persecution of Maximian, AD 312, was the most celebrated among them for his austerity, sanctity, and reputed power as an exorcist. His fame attracted followers, and the deeper he withdrew into the wilderness, the more numerous his disciples became. They refused to be separated from him, and built their cells around that of their spiritual father. Thus arose the first monastic community, consisting of anchorites living each in his own little dwelling, united together under one superior. Anthony, according to Johann August Wilhelm Neander, inadvertently became the founder of a new mode of living in common, Coenobitism.〔 cites ''Church History'', iii. p. 316, Clark's translation.〕
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