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Archaeamphora
''Archaeamphora longicervia'' is an extinct species of flowering plant and the only member of the genus ''Archaeamphora''. Fossil material assigned to this taxon originates from the Yixian Formation of northeastern China, dated to the Early Cretaceous (around ).〔Li, H. 2005. ''Acta Botanica Gallica'' 152(2): 227-234. ((Supplementary Information 1 ), (Supplementary Information 2 ))〕
The species was originally described as a pitcher plant with close affinities to extant members of the family Sarraceniaceae. This would make it the earliest known carnivorous plant and the only known fossil record of pitcher plants〔 (with the possible exception of some palynomorphs of uncertain nepenthacean affinity).〔Krutzsch, W. 1985. Über ''Nepenthes''-Pollen im europäischen Tertiär. ''Gleditschia'' 13: 89–93.〕〔Krutzsch, W. 1989. Paleogeography and historical phytogeography (paleochorology) in the Neophyticum. ''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 162(1–4): 5–61. 〕〔Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. ''Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology'' 19(4): 291–351.〕〔Kumar, M. 1995. Pollen tetrads from Palaeocene sediments of Meghalaya, India: comments on their morphology, botanical affinity and geological records. ''Palaeobotanist'' 43(1): 68–81.〕 ''Archaeamphora'' is also one of the three oldest known genera of angiosperms (flowering plants). Li (2005) wrote that "the existence of a so highly derived Angiosperm in the Early Cretaceous suggests that Angiosperms should have originated much earlier, maybe back to 280 mya as the molecular clock studies suggested".〔
Subsequent authors have questioned the identification of ''Archaeamphora'' as a pitcher plant.〔McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕〔Heřmanová, Z. & J. Kvaček 2010. (Late Cretaceous ''Palaeoaldrovanda'', not seeds of a carnivorous plant, but eggs of an insect ). ''Journal of the National Museum'' (Prague), Natural History Series, 179(9): 105–118.〕〔Brittnacher, J. 2013. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae. ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' 42(3): 99–106.〕
==Etymology==
The generic name ''Archaeamphora'' is derived from the Greek αρχαίος, archaíos ("ancient"; combining form in Latin: ''archae-''), and ἀμφορεύς, amphoreus ("pitcher"). The specific epithet ''longicervia'' is derived from the Latin ''longus'' ("long") and ''cervicarius'' ("with a neck"), in reference to the characteristic constriction in the pitcher-like structures of this species.〔
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